IHCS

• Definition of Terms:

  • Health is the state of complete well-being and not merely the absence of disease
  • Primary Health Care is essential health care that is universally accessible, fully participatory, cost-effective for the country, and affordable by the community
• History of Primary Health Care:

  • Alma Ata Conference was the 1st International Conference on PHC held in September 06-12, 1978 in Alma Ata, USSR/Russia
  • WHO (World Health Organization) and UNICEF (United Nations Children's Emergency Funds) were involved
  • In the Philippines, on 10/19/1979, Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 was signed by former president Marcos, establishing the legal basis of PHC
  • BHS (Barangay Health Station) and RHU (Rural Health Unit) were initiated
• Goal of Primary Health Care:

  • "Health for all Filipinos in 2000 & health in the hands of the people by year 2020"
  • Filipinos aim to be among the healthiest people in Southeast Asia by 2022 and Asia by 2040
  • Mission is to strengthen the health system so people can manage their own health
  • Key strategy to achieve the goal is through partnership and empowerment of the people
• Four Pillars of Primary Health Care:

  1. Support Mechanism Made Available - involving People, Government, & Private sectors

  2. Community Participation Active - identifying problems & needs, assuming responsibilities for planning, managing, & controlling

  3. Appropriate Technology - using methods to provide acceptable service/equity product at least cost

  4. Multi-Sectoral Linkages:

  • Intrasectoral Linkage (2-way referral) within the health sector
  • Intersectoral Linkage between health and other sectors
• Principles of PHC:

  • Four A's: Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, Availability
  • Cost-wise, economical in nature
  • Complex procedures provide a simple outcome
  • Effective, feasible for use at all times
  • Scope of technology is safe and secure
• Three Levels of Disease Prevention:

  1. Primary Prevention:

  • Most desirable form of prevention involving health promotion & disease prevention
  • Behaviors include quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, exercising regularly, etc.

  2. Secondary Prevention:

  • Prevention through screening, early diagnosis, and treatment
  • Behaviors include annual physical exams, regular pap smears, etc.

  3. Tertiary Prevention:

  • Focuses on rehabilitation and prevention of disability
  • Behaviors include self-monitoring of blood glucose, participating in cardiac rehabilitation, etc.
• Definition of terms:

  • Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
  • Primary Health Care is the essential health care made universally accessible to individuals & acceptable to them, through their full participation & at cost the country & community can afford
• History of Primary Health Care:

  • Alma Ata Conference was the first International Conference on PHC held on September 6-12, 1978 in Alma Ata, USSR/Russia
  • WHO/UNICEF were involved in the conference
  • In the Philippines, the Alma Ata Conference took place in 1979
• Goal of Primary Health Care:

  • "Health for all Filipinos in 2000 and Health in the Hands of the People by year 2020"
  • "Filipinos are among the healthiest people in Southeast Asia by 2022, and Asia by 2040"
  • Mission is to achieve an improved state of health and quality of life for all people through self-reliance
• Four pillars in Primary Health Care:

  • Support mechanism made available
  • Community Participation
  • Appropriate Technology
  • Multi-Sectoral linkages
• Principles of PHC:

  • Four A's: Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, Availability
  • Accessibility: the home must be within 30mins from the BHS
  • Affordability: out-of-pocket expense determines the affordability of health care, government insurance is covered through Philhealth
  • Acceptability: health care services must be compatible with the culture and traditions of the population
  • Availability: health services must be offered in health care facilities or provided on a regular and organized manner
• Three levels of disease prevention:

  • Primary Prevention focuses on health promotion and disease prevention
  • Secondary Prevention involves screening, early diagnosis, and treatment
  • Tertiary Prevention focuses on rehabilitation and minimizing residual disability
• • Primary, non-prescription generic drugs listed in the Philippines National Drug Formulary (PNDF) and selected prescription drugs are sold/made available
• Creation of "Botika sa Baryo & Botika sa Health Center":

  • Refers to a drug outlet managed by a legitimate community organization (CO)/non-government organization (NGO) and/or the Local Government Unit (LGU), with a trained operator and a supervising pharmacist
  • Goal is to promote equity in health by ensuring the availability and accessibility of affordable, safe, and effective quality essential drugs to all, with priority for marginalized, critical, and hard to reach areas
• Definition of Terms:

  • Health is a state of complete well-being and not merely the absence of disease
  • Primary Health Care is essential health care that is universally accessible, fully participatory, cost-effective for the country, and affordable by the community
• History of Primary Health Care:

  • Alma Ata Conference was the 1st International Conference on PHC held in September 06-12, 1978 in Alma Ata, USSR/Russia
  • WHO (World Health Organization) and UNICEF (United Nations Children's Emergency Funds) were involved
  • In the Philippines, on 10/19/1979, Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 was signed by former president Marcos, establishing the legal basis of PHC
  • BHS (Barangay Health Station) and RHU (Rural Health Unit) were started
• Goal of Primary Health Care:

  • "Health for all Filipinos in 2000 & health in the hands of the people by year 2020"
  • Filipinos aim to be among the healthiest people in Southeast Asia by 2022 and Asia by 2040
  • Mission is to strengthen the health system so people can manage their own health
  • Key strategy to achieve the goal is partnership and empowerment of the people
• Four Pillars of Primary Health Care:

  1. Support Mechanism Made Available - involving people, government, and private sectors

  2. Community Participation Active - community identifies problems, assumes responsibilities, plans, manages, and controls

  3. Appropriate Technology - methods used to provide acceptable service at least cost

  4. Multi-Sectoral Linkages - including intrasectoral and intersectoral linkages
• Principles of PHC:

  • Four A's: Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, Availability
  • Cost-wise, economical in nature
  • Complex procedures provide a simple outcome
  • Effective, feasible for use at all times
  • Scope of technology is safe and secure
• Three Levels of Disease Prevention:

  1. Primary Prevention - focuses on health promotion and disease prevention

  2. Secondary Prevention - involves screening, early diagnosis, and treatment

  3. Tertiary Prevention - focuses on rehabilitation and prevention of disability
• Behavior Associated with Primary Prevention:

  • Quit smoking
  • Avoid/limit alcohol intake
  • Exercise regularly
  • Maintain ideal body weight
  • Complete immunization program
  • Information dissemination, e.g. sex education among youth
• Behavior Associated with Secondary Prevention:

  • Have annual physical exam
  • Regular pap smear test for women
  • Monthly breast self-exam for women
  • Testicular self-examination for men
  • Sputum exam for tuberculosis
  • Annual rectal examination for clients over age 50 years
• Behavior Associated with Tertiary Prevention:

  • Self-monitoring of blood glucose among diabetics
  • Physical therapy after CVA
  • Participation in cardiac rehabilitation after MI
  • Attend self-management education for diabetes
• Elements of PHC in the Philippines:

  1. Education for Health

  2. Locally endemic disease control

  3. Expanded Program on Immunization

  4. Maternal and Child Health & Family Planning

  5. Environmental Sanitation & Promotion of Safe Water Supply

  6. Nutrition & Promotion of Adequate Food Supply

  7. Treatment of Communicable Diseases & Common Illness

  8. Supply of Essential Drugs