DRRR M1

• Disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability, and capacity
• A disaster may lead to human, material, economic, and environmental losses and impacts
• An event is considered a disaster if a hazard has already affected a population, making them vulnerable
• An example of a disaster is a typhoon directly passing through a city or province
• Hazard is defined as a process, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage, economic disruption, or environmental impacts
• Calamity is an event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction, often associated with natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, or wildfires
• Exposure refers to the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities, and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas
• Vulnerability is a condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors that increase the susceptibility of individuals, communities, assets, or systems
• Capacity is the combination of all strengths, attributes, and resources available within an organization, community, city, or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience
• Natural Hazards and Disasters are major adverse events resulting from natural processes on Earth
• Examples include flood, volcanic eruption, insect infestation, earthquake, tsunami, landslide, hurricane, tornado, sinkhole, drought, and storm surge
• Man-made/Human-induced/Anthropogenic Hazards and Disasters occur as a result of human actions and interactions
• Examples include chemical threats, hazardous materials, nuclear blasts, cyber-attacks, terrorism, civil unrest, and bioweapons
• Categories of Man-made Disaster:

  1. Technological or Industrial Disasters

  • Examples include infrastructure collapse, leaks or failures, hazardous materials incidents, utility accidents, and explosions

  2. Transportation Disasters

  • Examples include crashes or collisions in road, rail, water, aviation, and space transportation resulting in loss of life and major property damage

  3. Social Disasters

  • Examples include war, terrorism, social unrest, economic activities leading to displacement of people from their homes
• Two elements often at risk during disasters:

  1. Human lives

  • Disasters can pose significant risks to the safety and well-being of individuals, leading to injuries, loss of life, and long-term physical and emotional trauma

  2. Property/Infrastructure

  • Disasters can cause severe damage to critical infrastructure, disrupting essential services like electricity, water supply, transportation, and communication networks
• Disaster risk is the potential loss of life, injury, or damage to assets that could occur to a system, society, or community in a specific period, determined probabilistically as a function of exposure, vulnerability, and capacity
• Disaster risk formula:

  Disaster Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability / Capacity
• Disaster risk drivers are factors that promote or increase the risk of a disaster
• Some disaster risk drivers include:

  • Climate change
  • Poverty
  • Socio-economic inequality
  • Increase in population density/growth
  • Rapid and unplanned urbanization
  • Environmental degradation
  • Lack of awareness on disasters
  • Weak governance
• Disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability, and capacity
• A disaster may lead to human, material, economic, and environmental losses and impacts
• An event is already a disaster if a hazard has affected a population making them vulnerable
• A disaster can cause great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property
• It disrupts the usual course of life causing physical and emotional distress, helplessness, and hopelessness
• A hazard is an event that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation
• Calamity is an event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction
• An exposure is the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities, and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas
• Vulnerability is a condition that increases the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets, or systems to the impacts of hazards
• Capacity is the combination of all strengths, attributes, and resources available within an organization, community, or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience
• Natural hazards and disasters are major adverse events resulting from natural processes on Earth
• Man-made/human-induced/anthropogenic hazards and disasters occur as a result of human actions and interactions with other people and the environment
• Technological or industrial disasters include infrastructure collapse, leaks of hazardous materials, utility failure, and accidents due to unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards
• Transportation disasters include crashes or collisions in road, rail, water, aviation, and space transportation resulting in loss of life and major property damage
• Social disasters include war, terrorism, social unrest, and economic activities that push people into a state of need, displacing them from their homes
• Disasters can pose a significant risk to the safety and well-being of individuals, causing injuries, loss of life, and long-term physical and emotional trauma
• Disasters can cause severe damage to critical infrastructure, disrupting essential services like electricity, water supply, transportation, and communication networks
• Food, health services, shelter, water, and other basic needs can be affected by disasters
• Disaster risk is the potential loss of life, injury, or damaged assets determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity
• Disaster risk drivers include factors like climate change, poverty, socio-economic inequality, increase in population density, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, lack of awareness, and weak governance
• What are the categories of Man-made Disasters?

  Infrastructure/ Industrial Disaster, Transportation Disasters, Social Disasters