Science Technology and Society

• SCIENCE

  Latin scientia, meaning, ‘knowledge’
• TECHNOLOGY

  Greek techne, meaning, ‘art, skill or cunning of hand'
• PARADIGM SHIFT

  A universally recognizable scientific achievement that for a time, provides model problems and solutions to a community of practitioners.
• THE HUMAN REVOLUTION (6-2 MYA)

  Refers to the remarkable and sudden emergence of language, consciousness, and culture in our species.
• HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS

  First humans emerged from Africa, and lived simultaneously with other hominid species.
• HOMO HABILIS

  “Handy man”

  • Nomadic group of people
  • Survived by hunting and gathering
• In generating fire, a stone called iron pyrite gave off sparks when struck against another rock
• HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS

  Our closest extinct human relatives
• Rise of Civilizations

  Paved the way for more advancements in science and technology.
• MESOPOTAMIA

  Between rivers (TIGRIS | EUPHRATES)
• Cuneiform

  Triangular marks or wedges (Latin: cuneus)
• Ancient wheel

  • Potter’s wheel
  • A heavy flat disk made of hardened clay spun horizontally.
• CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

  Dominated by Greek and Roman civilizations

  It was during this period when the current concept of science began.
• IONIAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY

  Introduced the earliest form of scientific method, based on reasoning and observation.
• SOCRATES (470 - 399 BC)

  Known for his method of inquiry called elenchus
• PLATO (427 - 347 BC)

  A student of Socrates

  Believed that all substances are made up of earth, air, water, and fire.
• ARISTOTLE (384 - 322 BC)

  A student of Plato

  He is known for his deductive method of scientific inquiry.
• ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT

  Became a center of scientific knowledge
• EDWIN SMITH PAPYRUS

  Medical text about ancient surgery methods
• CHINA

  Compass, ships, ceramics, and metal products.
• Decline of Science

  Rise of Christianity in Europe

  Church questioned many teaching and ideas of early philosophers and scientists.
• ROMAN EMPIRE (530 AD TO 1000 AD)

  Seemed less interested with theoretical science.
• BLACK DEATH (OCTOBER 1347)

  Spread by a bacillus called Yersinia pestis, discovered by French biologist Alexandre Yersin at the end of 19th century.
• Center of S & T

  From Europe, the center shifted to China and nearby areas.
• INDIA

  Mathematics, medicine, and astronomy were well-advanced.
• ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

  Developed astronomical tables, new chemicals such as borax, and new techniques introduced.
• EMPEROR CHARLEMAGNE

  Ordered the establishment of schools, which became centers of knowledge and discovery.
• Spread of Black Death in Europe

  1346-1353
• RENAISSANCE

  A cultural movement that is based on humanism, a system of thought that gives more importance to humans
• SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

  Started at the same time as the foundation of England's Royal Society.
• NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473 - 1543)

  Heliocentric view of the Universe

  • An idea opposed by the Church
  • Marked the so-called Copernican Revolution, which was a shift from the geocentric view of the universe
• MICROSCOPE

  Paved the way for the understanding of microorganisms and the many types of diseases associated with them.
• GALILEO GALILEI (1564 - 1642)

  The leading figure of the Scientific Revolution

  Introduced experimentation using the scientific method.
• Isaac Newton

  His work, Principia, established the foundation of modern-day physics
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  A period of scientific and technological development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies into industrialized, urban ones.
• 1ST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  Began in Britain during the late 18th and early 19th centuries

  Marked the shift from manual to mechanized production
• STEAM ENGINE BY JAMES WATT

  A heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.
• 2ND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  The principle of mass production in the United States of America during the late 19th and early 2oth century
• ASSEMBLY LINE

  Henry Ford

  Reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to one hour and 33 minutes.
• TELEGRAPH BY ALEXANDER GRAHAMBELL

  A device that allowed multiple messages to be transmitted over a wire at the same time.