Fundamentals of Nursing

• Planning is the third step of the nursing process, where the nurse develops a plan of care to address the patient's health problems.
• Women's Role in Nursing:

  • Instinctive response to desire to keep the sick healthy
  • Mother is considered the first nurse
  • Responsibilities include nurturing children, caring for the elderly, and the sick
  • Care related to physical maintenance and comfort
• Milestones in Nursing History:

  • Traditional female roles have always included care and nurturing of family members
  • Traditional nursing role involves humanistic caring, nurturing, comforting, and supporting
• Role of Religion in Nursing:

  • Christian value: "Love thy neighbor as thyself"
  • Fabiola used her wealth to provide houses for care and healing for the poor, sick, and homeless in the 3rd and 4th centuries
  • Knights of Saint Lazarus dedicated themselves to care for people with leprosy, syphilis, and chronic skin conditions
  • Alexian brothers in the 14th century in Germany organized care for victims of the black plague
  • Early religious values in nursing include self-denial, spiritual calling, devotion to duty, and hard work
• War and Nursing:

  • Florence Nightingale and other nurses transformed military hospitals during the Crimean War, reducing mortality rate from 42% to 2% in 6 months
  • Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, and Dorothea Dix were prominent nurses during the American Civil War
  • Nurses volunteered nursing services in World War I, with monuments erected to commemorate their service
• Nursing Leaders:

  • Florence Nightingale contributed to nursing education, practice, and administration
  • Dorothea Lynde Dix was the Superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Union Army during the American Civil War
  • Louisa May Alcott worked as a nurse during the Civil War and documented volunteer nurses' work in her book "Hospital Sketches"
  • Harriet Tubman served as "The Moses of Her People" during the Civil War
  • Walt Whitman was a volunteer nurse during the Civil War and chronicled care in his poetry
• • Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African-American nurse and co-founded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses
• Men in Nursing:

  • St. Camillus de Lellis was one of the first male nurses and established a hospital for alcoholics
  • Edward T. Lyon was the first male nurse commissioned in the Army Nurse Corps in the US
  • Joe Hogan fought for equal rights for male nurses in the 1970s
  • Steve Miller founded the National Male Nurses Association (NMNA) in 1971, later renamed the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN)
  • Luther Christman organized a group of male nurses in Chicago in 1974 and was the first man inducted into the hall of fame of the American Nurses Association
• Prominent Nursing Leaders in the Philippines:

  • Cesaria Tan was the first Filipino nurse with a master's degree in nursing in the US
  • Socorro Sirilan reformed social service for indigenous patients at San L
• G LEADERS IN THE PHILIPPINES:
• Cesaria Tan - 1st Filipino nurse with a masters degree in nursing in the US
• Socorro Sirilan - reformed social service for indigenous patients at San Lazaro Hospital
• Magdalena Valenzuela - 1st Filipino industrial nurse
• Annie Sand - founded the national league of Philippine government nurses
• Elvegia Mendoza - 1st military nurse
• Conchita Ruiz - 1st editor of "Filipino Nurses", the 2nd journal of PNA
• Socorro Diaz - 1st editor of The Message, First Journal of PNA
• Dr. Julita Sotejo - Florence Nightingale of the Philippines, Founder of CON in University of the Philippines
• Anastacia Giron-Tupaz - 1st Filipino nurse with the title of Nursing Superintendent Chief nurse of the Philippine General Hospital
• Rosario Montemayor Delgado - 1st president of FNA, graduate of Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing in 1912
• Loreto Tupaz - Florence Nightingale of Iloilo
• NURSING AS A PROFESSION:
• Profession - occupation requiring extensive education, special knowledge, skill, and preparation
• Professionalism - professional character, spirits, methods
• Professionalization - the process of becoming a professional
• CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION:
• Specialized education - hospital diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree, master’s degree, and doctoral degree
• Body of knowledge - nursing conceptual framework
• Service orientation - altruism, being selfless and of service to others, guided by rules, policies, and ethics
• Ongoing research - contemporary practice-related issues
• Code of ethics - integrity, members expected to do what is considered right regardless of personal cost
• Autonomy - self-regulation, setting standards for members, independence at work, responsibility, accountability for one’s actions
• Professional organization - governance by the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) and Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
• “NURSE”:
• “Nutrix” (Latin) which means “to nourish”
• Both an art and a science
• Involved in delivery of health care
• A discipline rich in history
• RECIPIENT OF NURSING CARE:
• Consumer - utilizes the products or services