CAPSTONE

• Scientific Research:

  • Science refers to a systematic body of knowledge formed through inquiries using the scientific method
  • Natural sciences deal with naturally occurring objects or phenomena
  • Social sciences focus on human behavior, social group organization, and economics
  • Laws refer to validated knowledge of observed patterns
  • Theories are systematic explanations that need validation through scientific investigations
• Steps of Scientific Research:

  • Observing and Identifying the Research Problem
  • Conducting Background Research
  • Formulating a Hypothesis based on literature review
  • Testing the Hypothesis by Designing the Research Methodology
  • Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
  • Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations
  • Sharing Your Research Output
• Research problem may refer to a question or issue observed in surroundings that need addressing for a solution

  • Two ways to state research problems: Problem Statement and Research Objectives
• Factors in Choosing a Good Research Problem:

  • Researchability: must have existing information available
  • Theoretical and Practical Significance: must be socially relevant
  • Originality: check novelty during literature review
  • Feasibility: check if research problem can be executed
  • Specificity: must be specific
  • Ethical Considerations: observe acceptable research practices
• Basic research is driven by curiosity to answer scientific questions

  • Applied research is to solve practical real-life situations
• Steps in Formulating a Research Problem:

  • Identify the Broad Study Area
  • Dissect Broad Study Area
  • Know Your Interests
  • Identify and Study the Research Question
  • Set Research Objectives
• Factors to Consider in Formulating a Research Problem:

  • Interest: choose a topic aligned with personal interest
  • Concept Measurement: ensure the main concept can be tested and validated
• Testing and validating the main concept of a project using specific methodologies is crucial