Biodiversity

• Environment is the physical and biological world where we live.
• The varieties of living things that live in a particular place are called biodiversity.
• Ecosystem can be defined as a self sustaining structure and functional unit of the bio physical environment.
• The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air,water and soil is called environmental degradation.
• Importance of environment are:

  1 we obtain food and habitat from the land

  2 we get timber,firewood, fodder medicine etc from the forest.

  3 to modify natural resources according to their desires and needs.
• Natural resources are resources such as water, minerals, fertile land,forests etc that occur in nature. Wildlife animals, vegetable, petrol etc include living Natural resources where air , water,soil and minerals include non living Natural resources.
• Types of Natural resources are:

  1 properties resource= sunlight, wind, geothermal heat,fires

  2 renewable resources= air,water land,forest

  3 non renewable resources= petrol, diesel,Natural gas and kerosene
• Importances of natural resources

  Front

  
• Depletion of natural resources produce deterioration and decrease on quality and quantity of natural resources.
• Effects and solutions

  Front

  
• Water resources is the sources of water available on the earth.
• Water shed is the area of land where all the water that falls in it or drains off or goes into the same place. eg:shivapuri,koshi,gandaki and
• Wetlands is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally.eg: koshi, tappu wildlife reserve
• Importances and conservation of water

  
• The waste materin the soli form is called solid waste. Eg: animal wastes,plastic, agricultural wastes, industrial etc
• Management of non biodegradable solid waste are:

  Reduce

  Reuse

  Recycle
• Sources of solid waste are:

  Residential

  Industrial

  Commercial

  Institutional

  Construction and demolition

  Treatment plants and sites

  Agriculture

  Biomedical
• Process of collecting and treating solid waste is called solid waste management.
• Management of biodegradable solid waste are:

  Dumping

  Sanitary land fill

  Burning(incineration)

  Composing

  Burial