CWORLD

• Globalization is defined as:

  • "increasing global inter-connectedness"
  • "the expansion and intensification of social relations across world-time and world-space"
  • "the compression of time and space"
  • "distant proximities"
  • "a complex range of processes, driven by a mixture of political and economic influences"
  • "the swift and relatively unimpeded flow of capital, people, and ideas across national borders"
• Globalization is a social, cultural, political, and legal phenomenon
• Socially, it leads to greater interaction among various populations
• Culturally, globalization represents the exchange of ideas, values, and artistic expression among cultures
• Politically, globalization has shifted attention to intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
• Legally, globalization has altered how international law is created and enforced
• Globalization can be used to refer to a set of social processes that transform our present social condition into one of 'globality'
• Globalization bridges the gap between states and societies, creating a multiplicity of linkages and interconnectedness that make up the present world system
• Globalization is a process by which events, decisions, and activities in one part of the world have significant consequences for individuals and communities in distant parts of the globe
• Globalization is defined as an extensive network of economic, cultural, social, and political interconnectedness and processes that go beyond national boundaries
• Socially, globalization leads to greater interaction among various populations
• Culturally, globalization represents the exchange of ideas, values, and artistic expression among cultures
• Politically, globalization has shifted attention to intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
• Legally, globalization has altered how international law is created and enforced
• Internationalization Internationalization involves the growth of transaction and interdependence between countries (Martell, 2020, 9).

  Globalization as “Globaloney” 1. Rejectionists 2. Sceptics 3. Modifiers

  Features of Globalization 1. Internationalization 2. Liberalization 3. Universalization 4. Westernization
• Westernization is a type of universalization that involves the spread of Western structures such as capitalism, industrialism, rationalism, urbanism, individualism, and democracy
• Westernization can also be viewed critically as a form of colonization
• Universalization is the worldwide process of spreading culture, ideas, objects, and experiences, leading to standardization and homogeneity
• Examples of universalization include the usage of the Gregorian Calendar and school curricula
• Liberalization refers to the removal of constraints on the movement of resources between countries, aiming for an open and borderless world
• Internationalization involves the growth of transactions and interdependence between countries
• The period from 1988 to 2008 is often referred to as the "Elephant of Globalization"
• Globalization traces back to the era of exploration and expedition
• Globalization is not a new concept and started before recent years of information technology, the end of the cold war, or even the end of the Second World War
• After WWII, the United States economy dominated the world politically, economically, and militarily
• Many U.S firms started investing in foreign primary industries such as oil products and mining
• Maintaining technological development and product design at the US market
• Foreign markets were viewed as a source of raw materials, cheap labor, and supplemental market
• Globalization can be defined as "increasing global interconnectedness" and "the expansion and intensification of social relations across world-time and world-space"
• Globalization involves the compression of time and space, creating distant proximities
• It is a complex range of processes driven by a mixture of political and economic influences
• Globalization allows for the swift and relatively unimpeded flow of capital, people, and ideas across national borders
• It refers to a set of social processes that transform our present social condition into one of 'globality'
• Globalization bridges the gap between states and societies, creating a multiplicity of linkages and interconnectedness
• Events, decisions, and activities in one part of the world can have significant consequences for individuals and communities in distant parts of the globe
• In general, globalization is an extensive network of economic, cultural, social, and political interconnectedness and processes that go beyond national boundaries
• Globalization manifests in economic, cultural, political, and social aspects through greater interaction among populations, exchange of ideas and values, and shifts in attention to intergovernmental organizations
• Approaches to the study of globalization include Rejectionists, Sceptics, and Modifiers
• Features of globalization include internationalization, liberalization, universalization, and westernization
• Internationalization involves the growth of transaction and interdependence between countries