Plant cells, animal cells

• The cell wall is made up of polysaccharides.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll, which allows them to carry out photosynthesis.
• Plant cells have a permanent nucleus which contains DNA and governs the functioning of the cell.
• The cell wall is made up of cellulose.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts which carry out photosynthesis and convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
• Cell walls are found only in plants and fungi, providing structural support and protection against pathogens.
• Animal cells do not have a cell wall or vacuole.
• Animal cells lack chloroplasts as they cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis.
• Animal cells are smaller than plant cells.
• Cell walls are found only in plants and fungi, providing structural support and protection against pathogens.
• Unicellular organisms reproduce faster than multicellular organisms due to their asexual nature
• Unicellular organisms adapt to changing environments more quickly because only one cell needs to change rather than multiple
• Contractile vacuole regulates osmosis so a cell does not gain too much water, found in many protists like amoeba, paramecia, euglena
• Cilia are hair-like projections found in some protists, while flagella are tail-like projections found in some bacteria and protists, both used for locomotion
• Pseudopods are extensions of the cytoplasm used for movement and feeding, seen in amoebas
• Eyespots detect changes in light, found in dinoflagellates and euglena
• Chemotaxis is movement towards or away from chemicals, like E. Coli swimming towards amino acids and sugars
• Phototaxis is movement towards light, seen in organisms like Euglena and Cyanobacteria for photosynthesis
• Specialized structures like cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia are examples of adaptations in unicellular organisms for movement
• Cell membrane has selective permeability for nutrient absorption and waste expulsion
• Rapid asexual reproduction methods include binary fission and budding
• Unicellular organisms have simple metabolic processes and efficient energy utilization
• A single nucleus controls cellular activities in unicellular organisms
• High surface area to volume ratio facilitates nutrient exchange in unicellular organisms
• Unicellular organisms show tolerance to varying environmental conditions
• Contractile vacuole aids in osmoregulation and expulsion of excess water
• Unicellular organisms are responsive to stimuli for survival and movement
• Nutrition in unicellular organisms involves varied modes such as phagocytosis, absorption, or photosynthesis
• Protective structures like capsules or shells provide protection against predation or harsh conditions in unicellular organisms
• Animal cells may also have cilia or flagella for movement.
• Chromatin - DNA wrapped around proteins to make chromosomes
• Nucleolus - site of ribosome synthesis
• The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
• Animal cells can be specialized to perform specific functions such as muscle contraction (muscle cells) or sensory perception (nerve cells).
• Animal cells may also contain lysosomes involved in digestion and recycling of waste products.
• Animal cells contain mitochondria that generate ATP through aerobic respiration.
• Mitochondria produce ATP through aerobic respiration.
• Vesicles can be used by plant cells to transport substances across the plasma membrane.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, waste products, and pigments.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, waste products, and pigments.