Plant based drugs phytochemicals

• Some of the phytochemicals that can be useful as plant based drugs

  Alkaloids, Phenols, Terpenoids, and Glycosides
• Contain a ring of nitrogen

  Alkaloids
• Is an alkaloid that provides a mild lift 


  Caffeine
• Alkaloids that cause severe intoxication and even death


  Datura
• Alkaloids present in Datura stramonium


  Hyoscyamine
• Alkaloids present in Atropa Belladona

  Atropine
• Atropa belladonna is also known as

  Deadly Nightshade
• Alkaloid present in Erythroxylon coca


  cocaine
• Alkaloid present in Erythroxylon coca


  cocaine
• Erythroxylon coca is also known as


  Coca plant
• Alkaloids present in Papaver somniferum


  Codeine and Morphine
• Papaver somniferum is also known as


  opium poppy
• a microbial product in Fugu and some salamanders

  Tetrodotoxin
• Mitotic inhibitors found in the Rosy Periwinkle


  Vincristine and Vinblastine
• A class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group


  Phenols
• Gives grapes their purple color


  Anthocyanins
• Examples of phenolics

  Anthocyanins, Isoflavones, Phytoestrogens, and Tannins
• Come from soy 


  Phytoestrogens
• Give tea its astringency

  Tannins
• Are built up from terpene building blocks

  Terpenoids
• Each terpene consists of two paired isoprenes
• The names monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes are based on the number of isoprene units.
• The fragrance of rose and lavender is due to monoterpenes
• The carotenoids produce the reds, yellows, and oranges of pumpkin, corn, and tomatoes.
• Terpenoid from Neem tree

  Azadirachtin
• Terpenoid from Artemisia annua Chinese woodworm

  Artemisinin
• Terpenoid from Cannabis sativa

  Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Terpenes with a particular ring structure

  Steroids
• Terpenes that are glycosylated steroids

  Saponins
• Consist of a glucose moiety attached to an aglycone

  Glycosides
• Glycosides are characterized by?

  Glycone, Type of Glycosidic bond, Aglycone
• Some of the glycosides, by the type of aglycone are alcoholic glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides, coumarin glycosides, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, phenolic glycosides (simple), saponins, steroidal glycosides or cardiac glycosides, steviol glycosides, and thioglycosides.