Bio unit 1 9

• Biologists study both the outer appearance and the internal workings of living things
• All biological knowledge comes from the work of biologists, scientists who study living organisms
• Hypothesis is an idea or statement that explains observed facts and predicts new outcomes
• Journal is a regular publication presenting articles on a particular subject
• Peer review is the evaluation of a person's work done by others in the same field
• Important renowned Ethiopia biologists:

  • Dr Aklilu Lemma and the battle against bilharzias (schistosomiasis)
  • Dr Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher, an ardent lover of nature
  • Professor Tilahun Yilma and his vaccines
  • Professor Yalemtsehay Mekonnen: the first female professor in AAU
  • Dr Melaku Worede
  • Dr Gebissa Ejeta
  • Professor Legesse Negash
  • Professor Beyene Petros
  • Dr Zeresenay Alemseged
  • Dr Tsehaynesh Meselle
  • Dr Berhane Asfaw
  • Professor Mogessie Ashenafi
  • Professor Ensermu Kelbessa
• Institutions involved in biological research in Ethiopia:

  • Addis Ababa University (AAU) Biology Department: involved in food quality and quantity improvement, conservation of natural resources, disease and vector control
  • Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI): research into leprosy, tuberculosis (TB), leishmaniasis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS
  • Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALiPB): research in major infectious diseases, vectors of diseases, human parasitic diseases, animal health and disease, and research on Endod and other plants as a source of medicine
• • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EiAR) also known as Institute of Agricultural Research (iAR): research areas include crop technology, livestock health, soil fertility, forestry, and mechanizing farming
  • The Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC): involved in the conservation of plants, animals, and micro-organisms in Ethiopia, research into ecosystem management, gene banks with over 300 plant species preservation
• organelles are tiny structures within cells that perform specialized tasks
• Dr Aklilu Lemma discovered endod that can kill snails, which are the secondary host of the blood fluke
• Dr Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher is known for safeguarding biodiversity and genetic resources, as well as environmental protection and diversity
• Professor Tilahun Yilma developed a vaccine to eradicate the cattle disease rinderpest and worked on HIV/AIDS vaccines using genetic engineering
• Professor Yalemtsehay Mekonnen was the first female professor at Addis Ababa University and focused on the importance of medicinal plants against human and animal diseases
• Dr Melaku Worede worked on saving the genetic diversity of Ethiopia's domestic plants
• Dr Gebissa Ejeta developed Africa's first commercial hybrid new strain of sorghum that is resistant to drought
• Professor Legesse Negash researched conservation of indigenous plant propagation and biodiversity development in Ethiopia
• Professor Beyene Petros is a biomedical scientist who worked on biological research at Addis Ababa University
• Dr Zeresenay Alemseged discovered a 3.3 million-year-old human child fossil in 2006
• Dr Tsehaynesh Meselle is the Director General of the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI)
• Dr Berhane Asfaw led a team that discovered two 160,000-year-old human skulls
• Professor Mogessie Ashenafi leads international research into food microbiology at the University of Addis Ababa
• Professor Ensermu Kelbessa is a leading systematic botanist who has discovered and named many new plants
• Institutions involved in biological research in Ethiopia include Addis Ababa University (AAU) Biology Department, Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALiPB), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EiAR), and the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC)
• Addis Ababa University (AAU) Biology Department is mainly involved in food quality and quantity improvement, conservation of natural resources, disease and vector control
• Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI) conducts research on leprosy, tuberculosis (TB), leishmaniasis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS
• Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALiPB) researches major infectious diseases, disease vectors, human parasitic diseases, animal health, and the medicinal properties of plants like endod
• Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EiAR) focuses on crop technology, livestock health, soil fertility, forestry, and mechanizing farming
• Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC) is involved in the conservation of plants, animals, and micro-organisms in Ethiopia, as well as research on ecosystem management, medicinal plants, animal genetic resources, biotechnology, and ecosystem conservation
• IBC holds one of the gene banks in Africa with over 300 plant species for preserving the gene of Ethiopian domestic plants