Chapter 4

Cards (77)

  • Name the three common shapes of bacteria
    Coccus, Bacillus, and Curved
  • What is Biofilm
    commonly developed on moist surfaces and has a thin layer of organic materials
  • What are the organic materials that usually makeup biofilm
    Polysaccharides or glycogen
  • What are the external structures of a bacteria cell
    Appendages
  • Which appendages provide mobility
    Flagella and axial filaments
  • What appendages provide attachment points or channels
    Fimbriae, pili, and nanowire
  • What are the four types of flagella?
    Monotrichous, peritirichious, amphitrichous and lophotrichous
  • What are fimbria made out of?
    proteins and have a sticky tendency ( yk how sticky it gets)
  • describe nanowire
    long thin bacteria channels
  • What do nanowires transfer and how?
    Amino acids or harvest energy from electrons from an electron-rich surface
  • How do bacteria protect their exposed cell
    S layer or Glcocalyx (repeat poly)
  • Tight version of glycocalyx
    Capsules
  • The cell envelope is compose of what
    3 layers, the cell wall, cell membrane and in some the outer membrane
  • Gram positive?
    Thick membrane and cell wall
  • Gram-negative
    Negatively thin cell wall
  • Functions of the cell wall
    Determine shape, and support to stop collapsing from osmotic pressure
  • What makes up the cell wall
    peptidoglycan---> repeating glycan
  • Mycoplasms
    Lack a cell wall ( oh MY cell wall)
  • What is Archea composed of
    Composed almost entirely of polysaccharides ( walls of pure protein)
  • how many types of Archea are there
    4 types
  • Methanogens do what?
    Covert CO2 and H2 into CH4( methane gas)
  • What is mycolic acid
    wax coat, not permeable
  • What type of stain do you need for mycolic acid?
    Acid-fast stain
  • Tubercul means what?
    nodules
  • What is pleomorphism
    shape of bacteria is not specific, different shapes in pure culture
  • What causes pleomorphism
    Lack of a cell wall
  • Name a bacteria that does not have a cell wall
    mycoplasma
  • where is cholesterol found
    animals only
  • What % of phospholipids are embedded in the lipid bilayer
    30% to 40%
  • What % of proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer
    60% to 70%
  • Name three things that phospholipid molecules could do?
    rotate 360, float and flip with the help of the enzyme flipase
  • Bulk transport included what types of transports
    Endo and Exocytosis
  • Gram-negative contains what
    Lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, makes gram negative harmful
  • describe porin proteins regarding gram-negative
    Block antibiotics and/or push them out as fast as they can
  • Name the steps of gram staining
    1. Crystal Violet
    2. Grams Iodine
    3. Alcohol
    4. Safranin( red dye)
  • Describe step one of gram staining ( crystal violet)
    Stains all cells purple, negative, and positive
  • Describe the second step of gram staining (grams Iodine)
    Mordant will create complex if complex is big it is thick and positive if it is thin then it is negative and can be taken away by alcohol hence making it colorless
  • describe the third step of gram staining ( alcohol )
    Alcohol is applied, positive will remain unfazed, negative will lose its dye
  • Describe the fourth step of gram staining( safranin)
    Red dye is applied, positive is purple and negative is red
  • cytoplasm comes after what
    cell membrane