NUTR4090 Midterm 2

• Cohort study

  Looking at a disease in those that consumed the food and those that did not
• Case study?

  Subjects with the disease are compared to those that do not have it
• Cross-sectional study?

  Collecting information on food consumption at a single point in time in individuals with and without the disease
• How to study FFN in humans?

  Give the food, researchers measure the disease or biomarkers
• SSA?

  Totality of evidence: exclude studies with poor conclusions, rate quality

  Convincing level of evidence: the strength of the evidence
• Carcinogenesis 3 stages?

  initiation: irreversible DNA mutation

  promotion: more mutations

  progression: tumor formation
• Hallmarks of cancer?

  self sufficient, insensitive, evasive, limitless, apoptosis, metastasis
• Warburg effect?

  Utilization of glucose when not enough oxygen
• ATRA?

  All-trans retinoic acid, forces differentation
• Nutraceuticals and CYP3A4?

  nutraceuticals affect the expression and activity, activate the drug by removing the inactive component, deactivates the drug by rendering inactive
• ROS?

  ROS can damage DNA causing mutation

  chemotherapy induces ROS= kill normal cells

  antioxidants neutralize ROS= protecting normal cells
• Specific therapeutics?

  attribute to only one characteristic of the intervention
• Non-specific therapeutics?

  influenced by how the disease moves through the body, patient-doctor relationship, placebo and nocebo
• Placebo?

  When a persons illness shows clinical improvement when treated with an inert substance
• Nocebo?

  When a persons illness gets worse with an inert substance
• CONSORT?

  consolidated standards of reporting trials, developed to improve randomized trials
• Natural health product database?

  review committee of different healthcare professionals, they look at literature and make recommendations
• Cochrane review?

  systemic review of primary literature by professionals of something not in their field
• How does ATRA help AMPL?

  ATRA forces differentiation by degrading the fusion gene, helping to cure AMPL
• What is AMPL?

  Acute promyelocytic leukemia