Carbohydrates: Starch

• Natural plant products - organic compounds consist of C, H, and O

  Carbohydrates
• types of carbohydrates

  True sugars and non sugars
• types of true sugars carbohydrates

  Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides
• Types of non sugars carbohydrates

  complex polysaccharide
• Types of complex polysaccharide carbohydrates

  Homoglycan and Heteroglycan
• glucose

  Monosaccharides
• galactose

  Monosaccharides
• Mannose


  Monosaccharides
• Rhamnose

  Monosaccharides
• Fructose

  Monosaccharides
• Xylose

  Monosaccharides
• Ribose

  Monosaccharides
• Arabinose

  Monosaccharides
• Erythrose

  Monosaccharides
• Lactose

  Disaccharides
• Maltose


  Disaccharides
• Sucrose

  Disaccharides
• Inulin


  Homoglycan
• Cellulose


  Homoglycan
• Dextran

  Homoglycan
• Starch

  Homoglycan
• Gums

  Heteroglycan
• Mucilage

  Heteroglycan
• Pectin

  Heteroglycan
• substances with very high molecular weight and consist of a large number of monosaccharide units linked together through glycosidic linkage

  Complex polysaccharides
• Natural plant product which is a mixture of amylose (25%) and amylopectin (75%)

  Starch
• other name of starch

  Amylum
• Percentage of amylose in starch

  25%
• percentage of amylopectin in starch

  75%
• Linear molecule consists of 250 - 300 glucose units of alpha-D-glucose units linked together through alpha-1,4,glycosidic linkage

  Amylose
• More water soluble than amylopectin

  Amylose
• Amylose + I2 color

  blue color
• branched molecule consists of more than 1000 units of alpha-D-glucose linked together through alpha-1,4, and alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkage

  Amylopectin
• Amylopectin is less water soluble than amylose
• Amylopectin + I2 color

  violet color
• Plants containing starch

  Cereal seeds, ginger rhizomes, and potato tubers
• Starch percentage in cereal seeds

  50 - 65%
• Starch percentage in ginger rhizomes

  50%
• Starch percentage in potato tubers

  80 - 90%
• Commercial sources of starch

  corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch