Endo Terms Week 1

• Adrenal Cortex:

  • Outer layer of the adrenal glands responsible for producing corticosteroid hormones
• Adrenal Glands:

  • Paired glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol
• Anterior Pituitary:

  • Front part of the pituitary gland that releases various hormones affecting growth, reproduction, and other functions
• Endocrine System:

  • System of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological functions
• Cortisol:

  • Steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, involved in regulating metabolism and responding to stress
• Epinephrine:

  • Also known as adrenaline, a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the fight-or-flight response
• Estrogen:

  • Group of hormones responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system
• Glucagon:

  • Hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
• Homeostasis:

  • Body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes
• Hormones:

  • Chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various physiological processes
• Hypothalamus:

  • Region of the brain that controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
• Insulin:

  • Hormone that lowers blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells
• Islets of Langerhans:

  • Clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones, including insulin and glucagon
• Oxytocin:

  • Hormone involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation
• Pancreas:

  • Gland that plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation, producing insulin and glucagon
• Parathyroid Glands:

  • Four small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium levels in the body
• Pineal Gland:

  • Small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin, regulating sleep-wake cycles
• Pituitary Gland:

  • Often called the "master gland," it regulates other endocrine glands and produces various hormones
• Progesterone:

  • Hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
• Prolactin:

  • Hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands
• Receptors:

  • Proteins on cell surfaces that bind to specific hormones, triggering cellular responses
• Testosterone:

  • Primary male sex hormone, responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues
• Thyroid Gland:

  • Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development
• Thyroid Hormones:

  • T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), which regulate metabolism
• Thyroxine (T4):

  • One of the thyroid hormones involved in metabolism regulation
• Triiodothyronine (T3):

  • Another thyroid hormone that plays a role in metabolism
• Vasopressin:

  • Also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it regulates water balance in the body
• Zona Glomerulosa:

  • Outer layer of the adrenal cortex, producing mineralocorticoids
• Zona Fasciculata:

  • Middle layer of the adrenal cortex, producing glucocorticoids
• Zona Reticularis:

  • Innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, producing androgens
• Acromegaly:

  • Disorder caused by excess growth hormone in adulthood
  • Results in enlarged hands, feet, and facial features
• Adrenal Medulla:

  • Inner part of the adrenal glands that produces catecholamines
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH):

  • Hormone produced by the pituitary gland
  • Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other hormones
• Aldosterone:

  • Hormone produced by the adrenal glands
  • Regulates salt and water balance in the body
• Amenorrhea:

  • Absence of menstruation
• Amylase:

  • Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
• Androgens:

  • Male sex hormones, such as testosterone
  • Produced primarily by the testes
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH):

  • Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland
  • Regulates water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys
• Basophils:

  • Type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and inflammation
• Bone Marrow:

  • Tissue found in the center of bones
  • Where blood cells are produced