Cell Organelles and function

• The mitochondria is a double membrane system that is the site of aerobic respiration which is needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
• The chloroplast are bounded by a double membrane and is the site of photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll is a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, which is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.
• An organelle is a subcellular structure that preforms one or more specific jobs in the cell.
• Cells are the smallest unit of life that makes up organisms.
• The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• The cell wall is made of cellulose and separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment. It also provides shape, support, and protection to the cell and its organelles.
• The nucleolus is a structure within the nucleus that is involved in the production of ribosomes.
• The nucleus is the control centre, storing the information needed to control all cell activities and contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes.
• Chromosomes are a threadlike structure made of DNA and proteins and are found in the nucleus of a cell.
• Ribosomes: made of the chemicals RNA and protein and are responsible for protein synthesis. They translate the genetic code transcribed to produce any proteins necessary for cell functioning and structure.
• The Golgi body: a stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell's cytoplasm. It is involved in the modification and process, package and sort cell products.
• Vacuole: a membrane-bound cell organelle which creates space in the cytoplasm. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance.
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranes that allow intracellular transport (transport within a cell) of lipids and proteins and is also responsible for detoxification. Its folded structure creates more surface area thus, efficiency.
• Lysosomes: Small membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes that break down large molecules.
• Phospholipids: a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule.
• Cholesterol: A waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver, and found in the blood and in all cells of the body.
• Proteins: large, complex molecules made up of amino acids that play many important roles in the body.
• Carbohydrates: an organic compound such as sugar or starch, and is used to store energy.
• Peroxisome: A membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of lipids and other organic molecules.
• Lysosome: A membrane-bound organelle that contains destructive enzymes to digest waste.