RESEARCH 1

• Research - a systematic process geared towards working on exhaustive inquiry, investigation, or experimentation of finding new facts (knowledge) in explaining the problems.
• Research - root of human development
• Research - analytical reasoning
• Why study Research:

  1. To develop critical thinking
  2. To become research literate
  3. To generate knowledge
• Philosophical Views in Research:

  1. Postpositivist
  2. Constructivist
  3. Transformative
  4. Pragmatic
• Quantitative Research - approach for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variable.
• Quantitative Research - systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through the use of statistics.
• Mixed Approach - collecting both quantitative and qualitative data
• Types of Mixed Approach:

  1. Convergent Parallel
  2. Explanatory Sequential
  3. Exploratory Sequential
• Convergent Parallel - merges quantitative and qualitative data
• Explanatory Sequential - first conducts quantitative research
• Exploratory Sequential - begins with qualitative approach
• Qualitative Research - descriptive rather than predictive
• Historical Research - systematic study of past events
• Ethnography - involves observing, exploring, documenting, and analyzing the ways and cultural beliefs of a group of people.
• Kinds of Qualitative Research:

  1. Historical Research
  2. Ethnography
• 2 Perspective involve in Ethnography:

  1. Emic
  2. Etic
• Blank spot - with minimal or no literature
• Blind spot - with available literature
• Emic - insider’s view
• Etic - outsider’s view
• Emic - the way members of the culture envision their own world
• Etic - interpretation of the experiences of that culture
• 3 aspects of information in Ethnography:

  1. Cultural behavior
  2. Cultural artifacts
  3. Cultural speech
• Phenomonological Research - systematic study of the lived experiences of individuals
• Case study - in-depth analysis of a single entity or a small group.
• Narrative Analysis - focuses on a specific story as the subject matter of inquiry
• Grounded Theory - systematic collection of data through observation and interview
• Intellectualized topic - specificity of study, distinctiveness of your research
• Sources of research topic:

  1. Own experiences and interest
  2. Colleagues
  3. Related Literature
  4. Critical Friends
• Reconnaissance - process of reviewing literature; familiarity in the body of literature on a topic
• Types of Literature Sources:

  1. Research
  2. Conceptual
  3. Gray
• Research topic or problem - intellectual stimulus calling for an answer in the form of scientific inquiry
• Conceptualized Phase - where the topic is identified
• Design Phase - known as planning phase where researchers decide on the detailed procedures in gathering and analayzing data
• Empirical phase - data gathering and collection phase
• Analytical Phase - data analysis phase. Most challenging phase of research
• Dissemination Phase - publishing phase
• Research topic or problem - intellectual stimulus. must follow the 3T’s (timely,treding,trailblazing)
• Intellectualized topic - specificity of study, distinctiveness of your research