Networking

• Computer Network


  a collection of two or more computers. It helps users to communicate more easily
• Computer Network is the practice of connecting computers together to enable communication and data exchange between them. 
• Node and Link


  basic building blocks of computer network
• Network Node

  • can be illustrated as Equipment for Data Communication like a Modem, Router, etc., or Equipment of a Data Terminal like connecting two computers or more.
• Link

  • in Computer Networks can be defined as wires or cables or free space of wireless networks.
• • The working of Computer Networks can be simply defined as rules or protocols which help in sending and receiving data via the links which allow Computer networks to communicate. Each device has an IP Address, that helps in identifying a device
• Network


  A network is a collection of computers and devices that are connected together to enable communication and data exchange
• Nodes


  is a term used to refer to any computing devices such as computers that send and receive network packets across the network
• Protocol

  •  is a set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted over a network. Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
• Topology


  refers to the physical and logical arrangement of nodes on a network. The common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree
• Service Provider Networks:

  • These types of Networks give permission to take Network Capacity and Functionality on lease from the Provider. Service Provider Networks include Wireless Communications, Data Carriers, etc.
• IP Address:


   is a unique numerical identifier that is assigned to every device on a network. IP addresses are used to identify devices and enable communication between them.
• DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) 

  • is a protocol that is used to translate human-readable domain names (such as www.google.com) into IP addresses that computers can understand.
• Firewall


  is a security device that is used to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic. Also are used to protect networks from unauthorized access and other security threats.
• Personal Area Network (PAN)


  is a computer network that is used to connect and transmit data among devices located in a private area that is partially or completely protected from external access.
• LAN


  is a computer network that connects two or more computers in a local area.
• MAN


  represents a group of LANs interconnected within the geographical boundary of a town or city.
• WAN


   a computer network that covers a wide geographic area using dedicated telecommunication lines such as telephone lines, leased lines, or satellites. Can cover large geographic areas and, as such, they do not have geographic restrictions. The internet is the best example
• CAN

  • computer network is said to be similar to MAN, but limited in universities and even academies. This one network is usually prepared in educational activities, for example lab practice, class updates, exams, email, notifications and so on.
• Host


  is any device with an IP address assigned to its network interface that requests or provides networking resources on the network
• Node


  any device that can receive and transmit the networking resources on the network but has no interface with an IP address assigned to it
• computer network architecture


   computer network design that enables network components to communicate with one another. 
• Client-Server Architecture

  •  is a type of Computer Network Architecture in which Nodes can be Servers or Clients. Here, the server node can manage the Client Node Behaviour.
• Peer-to-Peer Architecture

  • there is not any concept of a Central Server. Each device is free for working as either client or server.
• P2P network architecture

  •  network architecture refers to a network model in which hosts or computers are equal in terms of capabilities and responsibilities. 
• Client/server network architecture

  •  often known as a domain-based network, is a computer network in which hosts have a predefined role. 
• Internet


  a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocol
• Unicast Traffic


  is traffic sent from one computer to one other computer
• Broadcast traffic

  is transmitted by one computer and goes to all computers within a subnet. 
• Multicast Traffic


  is transmitted from one computer to many other computers. When a computer joins a multicast group, the NIC is internally configured to process traffic using the multicast group’s IP address.
• Collision Domain

  is a group of devices on the same segment that are subject to collisions. Collisions occur when two devices on the same segment send traffic at the same time. In other words, only one device can send data at any given time. 
• Broadcast Domain 


  is a group of devices on a network that can receive broadcast traffic from each other. In other words, if one device sends a broadcast packet, all other devices in the broadcast domain will receive it.