Cancer

• Cancer: losing control of cell division

  two types : Malignant & Benign
• Benign Tumor

  • Non-cancerous; rapid cell division
  • hyperplasia - cell is dense (dikit-dikit) because of continuous cell
  • Begins when a cell becomes genetically altered and begins to divide more frequently than normal
  • structurally and functionally the same as normal cell
  • the mass enlarges but stays well contained, generally by a capsule of normal cells
  • it can interfere with the normal activities; but it is painful.
• Malignant 

  • Similar to benign – Epithelial cells
  • undergo mutation
  • There is hyperplasia (rapid growth and development)
  • If you will look at it structurally, it is not the same as other epithelial cells the nucleus becomes bigger
  • Cells continue dividing
  • Can be treated by surgery, assuming that this has been detected early
  • if detected late, they can still remove the tumor; however, it has metastasized (spread), using the blood vessels.
  • they will form secondary tumors
• • Cyst - non-cancerous; eventually it will disappear. Caused by certain liquids, like the formation of fat and milk–in the case of a breast; cysts are benign as well.
• CARCINOGENS

  • a substance, organism or agent capable of causing cancer
  • ultraviolet rays in sunlight and certain viruses
  • processed foods
• • HPV
  • can cause cancer in females; Human PapillomaVirus can be acquired through sexual intercourse. 
• Epstein Barr 

  • can be transmitted sexually, even by kissing. It is important that you don’t let a baby kiss every individual they meet. It might affect the baby, especially it has a very weak immune system
• • HIV
  • can proceed to AIDS if maintenance is not taken; can be passed sexually; the virus will already die outside the blood system. 
• Helicobacter Pylory

  • peptic ulcer, thrives in a very acidic environment; can cause stomach cancer.
• Internal Factors Affecting Development of Cancer Cells

  • Immune System
  • Proto-oncogenes
• Immune System

  • If they see a cancer cell, they will attack. 
  • If the immune system is weak, cancer cells will spread.
  • Apoptosis – done by cells if they cannot correct the mistake in the DNA anymore. 
• Proto-oncogenes

  • it cannot control self-division
  • Prevents apoptosis
  • genetic
• Diagnosis of Cancer Cells

  • X-ray
  • CT Scan
  • PET Scan
  • MRI