BIOLOGY 2

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    • System consists of the skin and accessory structures, such as hair, glands, and nails.
      Integumentary system
    • Functions of the Integumentary System:
      PROTECTION SENSATION TEMPERATURE REGULATION VITAMIN D PRODUCTION EXCRETION
    • 2 Major parts of the skin:
      Epidermis Dermis
    • Most superficial layer of the skin Consists of epithelial tissue Layer of stratified squamous epithelium
      Epidermis
    • produces keratin which makes the cell hard
      Keratinocytes
    • most superficial layer of epidermis
      Stratum Corneum
    • Deepest layer of Epidermis
      Stratum Basale
    • Layers of Epidermis
      Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale
    • Connective tissue with fibroblast, fat cells, macrophages
      Dermis
    • Collagen & elastic fibers are responsible for most of the structural strength
      Dermis
    • Layers of Dermis
      Superficial Papillary Deeper Reticular
    • Also called Dermal Papillae - Which extends toward the epidermis - It also contains blood vessels, remove waste products, and aid in regulating body temperature.
      Superficial Papillary
    • Main layer of the dermis - The elastin and collagen fibers are oriented more in some directions than in others and produce cleavage or tension lines in the skin
      Reticular Layer
    • Produced by Melanocytes
      Melanin
    • Group of pigments responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. - It provides protection against ultraviolet light from the sun.
      Melanin
    • One of the most common characteristics to all mammals
      Hair
    • where hair develops
      Hair Follicle
    • produces the hair
      Matrix
    • – contains blood vessels in hair
      Hair papilla
    • it protrudes above the surface of the skin
      Shaft
    • below the surface in hair

      Root
    • expanded base of the hair root
      Hair bulb
    • the central axis of the hair; contains soft keratin
      Medulla
    • forms the bulk of the hair; hard keratin
      Cortex
    • Two Major Glands of the Skin
      Sebaceous Gland Sweat Gland
    • it produces sebum; It lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin to prevent drying and it protects against some bacteria.
      Sebaceous
    • 2 types of sweat gland
      Merocrine and Apocrine
    • they produce sweat which is a secretion of mostly water with a few salts.
      Merocrine
    • responsible for body odor; influence of sex hormones
      Apocrine
    • visible part of the nail
      Nail body
    • whitish, crescent shaped area at the base of the nail.
      Lunula
    • nail fold that extends to the nail body
      Cuticle
    • part of the nail covered by the skin
      Nail root
    • where nail attaches; give rise to the cells that form the nail
      Nail bed
    • where nail root extends distally; give rise to the cells that form the nail
      Nail matrix
    • Most common type of skin cancer - Has varied appearance: some are open sores that bleed, ooze or crust.
      Basal Cell Carcinoma
    • Second most common type of skin cancer - Appear as wartlike growth - Persistent, scaly red patch
      Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    • Least but most deadly type of skin cancer - Stops producing melanin - It develops in pre-existing moles
      Melanoma
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