BIOPHY- LEC PRELIMS REVIEWER

• It is the study of everyday phenomena. It aims to explain these phenomena in terms of the fundamental laws of nature.

  Physics
• The science of the exotic and the science of everyday life

  physics
• The science matter and energy, and includes the principles that govern the motion of particles and waves, the interactions of particles, and the properties of molecules, atoms, and atomic nuclei, as well as larger scale systems such as gases, liquids and solids.

  Physics
• In the system of natural philosophy set forth by _____ from assumptions about the world, rather than derived from experimentation.

  Aristotle(384-322 BC)
• was ruled to be the result of a substance trying to reach its natural place.

  Motion
• whose brilliant experiments on motion established for all time the absolute necessity of experimentation in physics and initiated the disintegration of Aristotelian physics.

  Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
• Within 100 years, ----- had generalized the results of Galileo’s experiments into this three spectacularly successful laws of motion, and the natural philosophy of Aristotle was gone.

  Isaac Newton
• By the end of the nineteenth century, Newton’s laws for the motions of mechanical systems had been joined by equally impressive laws from Maxwell, Joule, Carnot, and other to describe the electromagnetism and thermodynamics.
• The subjects that occupied physical scientists through the end of the nineteenth century – mechanics, light, heat, sound, electricity, and magnetism – are usually referred to as

  classical physics.
• However, the discoveries of ----- seemed to be outside the framework of classical physics.

  x rays by Roentgen in 1895 and of nuclear radioactivity by Becquerel in 1896
• The theory of special relativity proposed by -------- contradicted the ideas of space and time of Galileo and Newton

  Albert Einstein in 1905
• Einstein suggested that light energy is ------ ; that is, the light comes in discrete packets rather than being wavelike and continuous as had been assumed in classical physics.

  quantized
• The application of special relativity and, particularly quantum theory to such microscopic systems as atoms, molecules, and nuclei has led to a detailed understanding of solids, liquids, and gases and is often referred to as

  modern physics.
• Except for the interiors of atoms and for motions at speeds near the speed of light, ----- correctly and precisely describes the behavior of the physical world. It is classical physics we must master to understand the macroscopic world we live in.

  classical physics
• itself is built on the concepts of classical physics.

  Modern physics
• It is not possible to understand quantum theory without a knowledge of such ----- as energy, momentum, angular momentum, wave functions, and standing waves.

  classical concepts
• It refers to the traditional forces that were recognized and developed before the beginning of the 20th century.

  classical physics
• is considered as the father of classical physics.

  Isaac Newton
• classical physics is also called

  Newtonian Physics
• the study of forces acting on bodies whether at rest or in motion

  Mechanics
• the study of the production and propagation of sound waves

  Acoustics
• Optics is the study of light
• Physical optics focuses on the production, nature, and properties of light
• Physiological optics focuses on the role of light in vision
• Geometrical optics focuses on the reflection and refraction of light as seen in mirrors and lenses
• Thermodynamics is the study of the relationship between heat and other forms of energy
• Electromagnetism is the study of the properties of electric current and magnetism and their relationship
• Electrostatics deals with electric charges at rest
• Electrodynamics deals with moving charges
• Magnetostatics deals with magnetic poles at rest
• It refers to the concepts in physics that have surfaced since the beginning of the 20th century. This branch of Physics was needed because Newtonian Physics cannot explain the events that occur in microscopic systems.

  Modern physics
• postulates, theorems, and paradox gave way to the birth of modern Physics.

  Albert Einstein
• Atomic and nuclear physics:

  • Study of the components, structure, and behavior of the nucleus of the atom
• Quantum physics:

  • Study of the discrete nature of phenomena at the atomic and subatomic levels
  • Focus on the invisible units of energy called quanta as described by the quantum theory
• Relativistic physics:

  • Study of phenomena that take place in forms of reference that is in motion with respect to an observer
• Solid state physics:

  • Study of all properties of solid materials including electrical conduction in crystals of semi-conductor and metals
• Condensed matter physics:

  • Study of the properties of condensed materials (solids, liquids, and those intermediate between them and dense gas)
  • Ultimate goal of developing new materials with better properties
  • Extension of solid state physics
• Plasma physics:

  • Study of the fourth state of matter
• Low temperature physics:

  • Study of the production and maintenance of temperatures down to almost absolute zero
  • Various phenomena that occur only at such temperatures
• Physics is a branch of science that deals with and looks into the relationship of it.

  matter and energy