Ch1&Ch2

• Scope and Nature of Journalism:

  • Journalism is everywhere where there is media
  • Journalism is a prestigious career involving tools like television, printed media, radio, and the internet
  • Journalism involves the collection and dissemination of news through print and electronic media
  • Journalism covers areas like reporting, writing, editing, photographing, broadcasting, or cable casting news items
  • Journalism appears in newspapers, magazines, televisions, radios, and the internet
• Newspapers:

  • Oldest and most traditional format for journalism
  • Originally started as 'journals'
  • Played a large role in the development of freedom of expression
  • Inside sources often choose newspapers first to expose corruption and lies
• Magazines:

  • Publications containing a variety of articles published on a regular schedule
  • First general-interest magazine was The Gentleman's Magazine in 1731
  • Usually focused on a particular subject or area of interest
• Television News Journalism:

  • Known as news broadcasting
  • Produced locally in a newsroom or by a broadcast network
  • Includes additional material like sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, and commentary
• Internet Communications:

  • Countless digitized sources of information on the internet
  • Allows for diverse sources and opinions
  • Almost every form of media can be used for journalism
• Journalism versus Literature:

  • Journalism is based on facts and actuality
  • Literature is based on the imagination of a writer
  • Journalism has main genres like news, editorial, and features
  • Literature is categorized into prose and poetry
• Tenets of Journalism:

  • Responsibility: Journalists must write the truth and defend facts
  • Freedom of the Press: Safeguarding the basic right of freedom of the press
  • Independence: Journalists should be committed to the interest of the general public
  • Objectivity, Truthfulness, and Accuracy: Checking the veracity of data and information before publishing
  • Fairness: Presenting both sides of the argument and respecting privacy
• Killers of Balanced Reporting:

  • Yellow Journalism: Sensationalizing stories or issues
  • New Journalism: Expanding the definition of journalism and associating it with fiction
  • Advocacy Journalism: Fact-based journalism supporting a specific point of view
  • Stylistic Journalism: Emphasizes imaginative, stylized writing
  • Editorializing: Giving the reporter's opinion rather than facts
• Functions and Duties of the Press:

  • Reflecting integrity and readers' confidence
  • Balancing public interest and gains
  • Educating, stimulating, assisting, or entertaining
  • Practicing journalism principles without bias and self-interest
• Limitations of the Press:

  • Reports may not be complete and may contain mistakes
  • Journalists may not have enough time to reach all sources of information
  • Proneness to manipulation by the powerful, elite, and politicians
• Campus Paper and the Publication Staff
• The Campus Paper is the version of the national newspaper within an academic institution
• Establishment of campus publication in basic education and in higher learning institutions has been legalized by the Campus Journalism Act of 1991
• Campus paper is contextualized within the institution; priority issues should emanate from the institution before touching local, national and international concerns
• Size and frequency of the paper vary depending on policies of the editorial board, fund or publication budget, and the population of the learning institution
• Higher learning institutions may collect a campus paper fee to finance different types of publications like newsletters, tabloids, magazines, broadsheets, and literary folios
• Schools may release special editions of their publication during intramurals, foundation days, or special occasions
• Functions of Campus Papers
• A campus paper may be mimeographed or printed, published or released by an organization or school whose name or logo appears in the masthead or in the editorial box
• Functions of Campus Papers:

  • Aid to Students:
  • Provides opportunity for interesting writing
  • Gives students the opportunity to learn how to read newspapers
  • Acts as a stimulus to better work
  • Develops students' power of observation and discrimination concerning the relative merits of news articles
  • Serves as an outlet and motivation for journalistic writing
  • Offers training in organizations, business methods, commercial arts, salesmanship, bookkeeping, and business management
• • Develops cooperation between parents and the school
• • Develops qualities of cooperation, tact, accuracy, tolerance, responsibility, and leadership
  • Aid to School and Community:
  • Informs the community of the work of the school
  • Publishes school news
  • Creates and expresses school opinions
  • Makes known the achievements of the school
  • Helps unify the school
  • Encourages and stimulates worthwhile activities
  • Develops the right standard of conduct
  • Provides an outlet for students' suggestions for the betterment of the school
  • Develops better interschool relationships
  • Develops school spirit
• Other Functions of Campus Papers:

  • Information Function: informs readers about community and school activities
  • Opinion Function: allows editors to post their opinions on current events
  • Education Function: educates readers on various topics
  • Watchdog Function: serves as the harbinger of truth in the campus
  • Laboratory Function: provides a training ground for budding journalists
  • Documentation Function: serves as a posterity tool of noteworthy occasions in the campus
  • Entertainment Function: showcases feature stories to entertain and stimulate readers
• • Developmental Function: serves as a source of new journalists and has implications on the school as a whole
• Television News Journalism:

  • Known as news broadcasting
  • Produced locally in a newsroom or by a broadcast network
  • Includes additional material like sports coverage, weather forecasts, and commentary
• Internet Communications:

  • Countless digitized sources of information on the internet
  • Users can seek out the same story from multiple sources for a balanced view
  • Almost every form of media can be used for journalism
• Tenets of Journalism:

  • Responsibility: Journalists must write the truth for the public
  • Freedom of the Press: Safeguarded basic right to write on any topic within the laws
  • Independence: Journalists should serve the interest of the general public
  • Objectivity, Truthfulness, and Accuracy: Journalists should check data before publishing and avoid conflicts of interest
  • Fairness: Journalists should present both sides of the argument and respect privacy
• Killers of Balanced Reporting:

  • Yellow Journalism: Sensationalizing stories with eye-catching headlines
  • New Journalism: Expanding journalistic reporting techniques, sometimes associated with fiction
  • Advocacy Journalism: Fact-based journalism supporting a specific point of view
  • Stylistic Journalism: Emphasizes imaginative, stylized writing
  • Editorializing: Giving the reporter's opinion rather than facts
• Functions and Duties of the Press:

  • Newspapers must reflect integrity and readers' confidence
  • Newspapers may educate, stimulate, assist, or entertain
  • Press must practice journalism principles without bias and self-interest
• Limitations of the Press:

  • Reports may not be complete and may contain mistakes
  • Journalists may not have enough time to reach all sources of information
  • Press can be manipulated by the powerful, elite, and politicians
• Functions of Campus Papers:
• Campus paper serves as a means to strengthen the ethical values and to encourage the creative and critical thinking of the Filipino youth
• Campus journalism is an effective means of teaching students basic and advanced writing techniques and inculcating in them the values of work and fair judgment
• Campus paper helps in developing personal discipline and moral character of the young
• Campus paper is a good training ground for future journalists or writers
• Campus paper promotes the best interest of students, faculty, and administration
• Campus paper is a conduit for a pleasant and wholesome relationship between teachers and students
• Campus paper is an avenue for students to ventilate their opinions and grievances
• Campus paper exposes issues but requires responsibility, objectivity, and fairness from student writers
• Functions of Campus Papers (continued):