MUSIC 3rd QT

• India is the second-most populous country and the most populous democracy in the world
• New Delhi is the capital of India
• Vocal music in India is characterized by melismatic singing with a nasal vocal quality
• Melismatic singing refers to the highness or lowness of the musical notes
• Philippine music includes melismatic singing in "Pasyon"
• Samagana is a style of singing
• Sama Veda is a sacred text and one of the four Vedas in India
• Rig Veda is the most ancient Vedic Sanskrit collection of hymns, also sung in Samagana style
• Carnatic Music is from South India and features the same ragas
• Carnatic Music is mainly set for the voice and is also known as "temple music"
• Krti are devotional songs in Carnatic Music
• Raga is a combination of musical notes
• Shruti is the smallest interval of sound
• Tala is a metric cycle with a specific number of beats
• Laya refers to tempo
• Melisma is a group of notes sung to one syllable
• Hindustani Music originated during the Vedic period around 1000 BC
• Hindustani Music developed during the 13th to 14th century with Persian influences
• Hindustani Music is from Northern and Central India and was influenced by musical traditions during the Mughal era
• Hindustani Music is characterized by nasal singing
• Khyal is the most common type of singing in Hindustani Music, meaning imagination
• Pakistan:

  • Fifth most populous country
  • Second largest Muslim population
  • Multiple influences from South Asia, Central Asia, Persia, Turkey, and the Arab World
• Ghazal:

  • Essential ingredient of worship
  • Traditional expressions of love and separation
  • Structural requirements are more strict
  • Considered to be one of the principal poetic forms in the Persian civilization
  • Can be sung by both women and men
• Qawwali:

  • Devotional music of the Chishti Order
  • Vibrant musical tradition that stretches back 700 years
  • Performed mainly at Sufi shrines
• The music of West Asia is modal
• West Asian music features ¼ tones and rigorous rhythmic development
• Singers in West Asia use guttural and throaty enunciation
• West Asian music is commonly used during:

  • Communal worship in places like mosques, synagogues, and churches
  • Life passage events such as weddings, bar mitzvahs, anniversaries, and bat mitzvahs
  • Entertainment like belly dancing and folk dancing
• Devotional music in West Asia is almost entirely vocal
• Devotional music is featured during holy days and the Sabbath
• Special calls to prayer and repentance in West Asian devotional music include "Yom Kippur" and "Shofar"
• The art of Hazan, the leader of prayer in the synagogue, is prominent in West Asian culture
• Secular music in West Asia involves both instruments and voice
• Secular music is played during life passage events and lies outside the religious domain
• West Asian secular music is very rhythmic and often features popular romantic texts