MDOC

• What organism causes TB


  Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
• What disease is TB and how is it spread

  Respiratory disease
• What type of disease is TB? And how is it spread?


  Mainly respiratory disease.

  Spread: Droplets in air: coughing, sneezing, singing
• What does one cough of a person with TB contain?

  3000 droplets, each containing 1-5 TB bacilli
• How long can a cough droplet float in the air?

  UP to 4 hours
• What influences the rate of spread of the TB disease?

  • Time Exposed
  • How closely the person is exposed -sun/no sun/outdoors etc
  • How many TB Bacilli in the air
  • How susceptible is one inhaling it
• What happens when you inhale the TB bacteria?

  TB grow in your lungs
• What happens when you inhale TB?

  1. TB grow in lungs
  2. Immune system brings it under control and makes it latent- latent TB is when you carry the bacteria but become non- contagious and asymptomatic
• Can TB stay latent, if not what happens?


  It can stay latent.

  But when a person has HIV/aids and their immunity drops the `tb might flare up leading to clinical active TB
• What organs are affected by TB?


  Mostly lungs are affected, but can also grow into other organs such as :

  -Brain
• What organs are affected by TB?


  Mostly the lungs are affected, but the bacteria can also start to grow in other organs such as :

  1. The brain
  2. Liver
  3. Meninges
  4. Bone
  5. Fallopian Tubes
  6. BASICALLY ANYWHERE ELSE- it then causes problems in that organ
• A person is first diagnosed with TB by clinical suspicion when a patient has which symptoms?

  • A chronic cough
  • Night sweats
  • weight loss
• If there is clinical suspicion that a person has TB, how can this prognosis be confirmed?

  The TB suspect is investigated by taking Sputum (thick mucus made in lungs) for Lab testing and then investigated by a gene expert
• What order methods can be used to test TB outside the lungs?

  • Chest X-rays
  • CTs
  • Sonars
  • Biopsies
• How long is TB treatment for?

  Treatment is for 6 months or longer- tablets have side effects
• What medication is used to first treat TB>?


  Rifafour
• If resistance to Rifofour develop, which other medication can be used?

  MDR TB, XDR TB or TDR TB
• What are the negatives of TB developing resistance?


  -More difficult to treat

  -More expensive

  -Less efficient