Micro Exam 4 - causative agents

• "Ohio Valley Fever" - the fungus histoplasma capsulatum
• Candidiasis - caused by a yeast: Candida, on the skin or mucous membranes
• Ergot: a group of fungi in the genus Claviceps,

  Most commonly Claviceps purpurea
• Candida - Candida albicans (most common)
• Ergotism - Saint Anthony's Fire
• Aspergillosis - infection caused by Aspergillus species, a common mold
• Trichomoniasis - causative agent Trichomonas vaginalis
• African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) - Vector: tsetse fly
• African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) - causative agent: Trypanosoma brucei
• Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) - causative agent Trypanosoma cruzi
• Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) - Vector: Triatomine bugs, known as ‘kissing bugs’
• Giardia causative agent - Giardia intestinalis
• Amoebic dysentery - Amebiasis causative agent: Entamoeba histolytica
• Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) causative agent - “Brain-eating Amoeba” → Naegleria fowleri
• Acanthamoeba keratitis causative agent - Acanthamoeba → free-living ameba
• Balantidiasis causative agent - Balantidium coli
• Toxoplasmosis causative agent - Toxoplasma gondii
• Leading cause of waterborne disease among humans in the UnitedStates - Cryptosporidiosis
• Cryptosporidiosis causative agent - Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis
• Malaria causative agent - Plasmodium , P. falciparum and P. vivax most threatening

  Vector: female Anopheles mosquitoes
• Flagellates that infect the genital tract? - Trichomonas vaginalis
• eating beef - Taenia saginata
• eating pork - Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica
• Ascariasis causative agent - Ascaris lumbricoides
• Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) causative agent - Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, or S. japonicum
• Elephantiasis (Bancroft’s filariasis) causative agent - Wuchereria bancrofti: nematodes
• Dmitri Ivanovski and Martinus Beijerinck - disease in tobacco (plant virus) was caused by a virus
• Loeffler and Frosch - discovered an animal virus that causes foot-and-mouth disease in cattle
• 8% of the human genome consists of sequences that come from viruses
• 10 to 20% of bacterial DNA contains viral sequences
• viruses are not cells
• smallest known bacteria are rickettsia
• pandora virus and mimivirus (largest)
• Viruses bear no resemblance to cells
• General phases of the animal viral replication cycle - adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release
• carrier relationship - cell harbors the virus and is not immediately lysed
• Cancer-causing viruses → oncogenic
• Experts estimate that 13% of cancers are caused by viruses
• Oncoviruses: mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors
• Viruses That Infect Bacteria - Bacteriophage: “bacteria eating”