QUIZ 2

• Caused by either build-up of toxic products or depletion of substrate

  Cell physiology changes to favor survival overgrowth:

  
  

  Deceleration Phase
• Most common unit to report biomass: Mass concentration
• Multiple lag phases can exist with multiple growth substrates: Diaxutic Growth
• CFUS: Colony Forming Units
• Cellular growth is primarily characterized by: Specific Growth
• Small amount of live cells to start growth: Inoculum
• Also known as growth associated products of the cell: Primary Metabolites
• Phase when cells lose the ability to reproduce: Stationary Phase
• In this phase, some portion of cells remain viable for a long time, but are altered: Death Phase
• Value of specific growth rate during stationary phase: Zero
• Phase wherein cells adapt to the new environment: Lag Phase
• A process used to make many copies of a piece of DNA: Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Mistakes in the genetic code: Mutation
• Uptake of free DNA by a cell. The cell membrane has to be permeable to DNA: Transformation
• Self-replicating, circular piece of DNA that can survive in a cell: Plasmid
• Organism with a genetic mutation: Mutants
• DNA is carried into the cell in a phage: Transduction
• Subjecting the cells to stress causing changes in the genetic make-up: Mutation
• The organism without the genetic mutation: Wild Type
• Cell to cell transfer of DNA. Also called mating: Conjugation
• Genetic construction of an organism: Genotype
• Characteristics expressed by an organism: Phenotype
• Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences: Restriction Enzyme
• Natural mutation rate per cell conversion: 10^-3 -10^-9
• Usually refers to transcription + translation + post-translation processing: Expression
• Single base change: Point Mutation
• A method to detect what sizes of DNA a sample contains: Gel-electrophoresis
• Another name for your answer in the previous number: Southern Blot
• Purposeful transfer of DNA from one type of organism to another: Genetic Engineering