Biology test 1

• MRS GREN

  • M- movement
  • R- respiration
  • S- sensitivity
  • G- growth
  • R- reproduction
  • E- excretion
  • N- nutrition
• Species


  a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
• Binomial system


  an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and the species.
• • D- domain
  • K- kingdom
  • P- phylum
  • C- class
  • O- order
  • F- family
  • G- genes
  • S- species
• The 5 Kingdoms

  • Animalia
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Protoctista
  • Prokaryote
• Prokaryotes characteristics

  • No nucleus
  • Unicellular
  • No mitochondrion
  • Have a cell wall not made of cellulose
  • Chromosome not in nucleus
• Protoctista Characteristics

  • Mostly unicellular but some multicellular
  • Have a nucleus
  • Can perform photosynthesis
• Fungi Characteristics

  • Multicellular except for yeast
  • Decomposers
  • Not mobile
• Animals Characteristics

  • Multicellular
  • Heterotrophs
  • No cell wall
• Plants Characteristics

  • Autotrophs (photosynthesis)
  • Nucleus
  • Cell wall
• Features used to identify arthropods are:

  • pair of legs
  • pair of antennas
  • number of body segments
• Crustacea Characteristics

  • At least 5 pairs of legs
  • 2 pairs of antenna
  • Breathing through gills
• Insects Characteristics

  • 3 pairs of jointed legs (thorax)
  • Body divided into three segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
  • Two pairs of wings
  • Breathe through trachea
• Arachnids Characteristics

  • 4 pairs of legs
  • Body divided in two segments
• Myriapods Characteristics

  • 10 or more pairs of legs
  • 1 pair of antenna
  • Many body segments.
• Fish Characteristics

  • Scales made up of bony plates
  • Swim bladder
  • Gills
  • Endotherm
• Reptiles Characteristics

  • Soft shelled eggs
  • Scales
  • Lungs
• Amphibians Characteristics

  • Scale-less skin, moist
  • Larva in water (gills)
  • Eggs laid in water
• Birds Characteristics

  • feathers
  • Hard-shelled eggs
  • Beak
  • Scaly feet
  • Wings
• Mammals Characteristics

  • Fur (or hair)
  • 4 types of teeth
  • Live young
• Cell


  is the smallest unit of life and the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms.
• Plant Cell Structure

  
• Animal Cell Structure

  
• Cell surface membrane

  Controls movement in and out of the cells prevents organelles and RNA to move out and allows water, oxygen and food to move in
• The cytoplasm

  • Jelly-like substance
  • Contains lipids, sugars and proteins as food or molecules to build up cell structures.
  • It contains many enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions.
  • Holds organelles
• Nucleus

  • Store the genetic information.
  • This information is kept on the chromosomes.
  • Each chromosome forms long molecule of DNA which is inherited from a parent.
• Other organelles

  • Mitochondria - the site of aerobic respiration to provide cells with energy
  • Ribosomes - site of protein production.
• Features of plant cells

  • Cell wall - give shape to the cell, with stand turgor pressure; made of cellulose
  • Large permanent vacuole - filled with sap which contains sugars, water and amino acids; expend when full
  • Plastids
• Organelle

  a tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell.
• Cells with similar characteristics performing a similar function group into tissue.
• Tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure working together to perform a function, which form into an organ
• Organ is a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform a specific function, which form an organ system
• Organ system is a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform a body function