Synthetic routes

• Alkene -> Alkane


  H2/ Ni catalyst
• Alkene -> Haloalkane


  Hydrogen halide
• Alkane -> Haloalkane


  Halogen/ UV
• Haloalkane -> Nitrile 


  CN-/ ethanol
• Haloalkane -> Amine 


  NH3/ ethanol
• Nitrile -> Amine


  H2/Ni catalyst
• Haloalkane -> Alcohol


  NaOH
• Alcohol -> haloalkane 


  Sodium halide/ H2SO4
• Alkene -> Alcohol


  H2O/ H3PO4
• Alcohol -> Alkene


  H3PO4/ heat
• 1° Alcohol -> Ester


  Carboxylic acid/ conc. H2SO4
• 1° Alcohol -> Aldehyde


  K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4, distillation
• Aldehyde -> 1° Alcohol


  NaBH4
• Aldehyde -> Carboxylic acid


  K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4, reflux
• Aldehyde -> Hydroxynitrile


  NaCN/ H+
• 2° Alcohol -> Ketone


  K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4, reflux
• Ketone -> 2° Alcohol


  NaBH4
• Ketone -> Hydroxynitrile


  NaCN/ H+
• Hydroxynitrile -> Amine


  H2/ Ni
• Hydroxynitrile -> Carboxylic acid 


  H2O/ HCl, heat
• Nitrile -> Carboxylic Acid


  H2O/ HCl, heat
• Carboxylic acid -> Ester 


  Alcohol, conc. H2SO4
• Ester -> Carboxylic acid


  Dilute acid, heat
• Ester -> Carboxylate 


  OH-, heat
• Acyl Chloride -> Ester


  Alcohol
• Carboxylic Acid -> Acyl Chloride 


  SOCl4
• Acyl Chloride -> Carboxylic Acid 


  H2O
• Acyl Chloride -> 1° Amide 


  NH3
• Acyl Chloride -> 2° Amide 


  Primary Amine