struggle for independence

• Who allowed multiracial elections in South Africa?

  F.W. de Klerk
• Nelson Mandela aimed for racial unity
• Who was the Shah of Iran and what did he aim to do?

  Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Westernize
• Mohammad Mossadeq was overthrown in a CIA-backed coup.
• Ayatollah Khomeini led the Islamic Revolution
• Who was the leader of Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War?

  Saddam Hussein
• Events leading to the Gulf War

  1️⃣ Iran-Iraq War ends

  2️⃣ Iraq invades Kuwait

  3️⃣ Iraq refuses UN demands

  4️⃣ US-led coalition ousts Saddam Hussein
• What was the primary goal of the Zionist movement?

  Jewish homeland
• The Balfour Declaration in 1917 supported the creation of a Jewish homeland
• The declaration of Israeli independence in 1948 led to war with Arab states.
• Match the key figure with their associated organization or conflict:

  Yasser Arafat ↔️ PLO

  Hamas ↔️ Palestinian conflict

  Nakba ↔️ 1948 War
• Who led Ghana's independence movement?

  Kwame Nkrumah
• Kwame Nkrumah's vision for a "United States of Africa" succeeded due to sufficient funds.

  False
• What was the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya about?

  White farmers vs. Kikuyu
• Jomo Kenyatta became the first Prime Minister of Kenya
• Daniel Arap Moi's leadership in Kenya was characterized by corruption and poverty.
• Which armed rebellion led to Algeria's independence?

  FLN
• Match the leader with their country and political ideology:

  Ahmed Ben Bella ↔️ Algeria, Socialism

  Patrice Lumumba ↔️ Congo, Independence
• Who replaced Patrice Lumumba in the Democratic Republic of Congo?

  Mobutu Sese Seko
• Apartheid in South Africa was a system of racial segregation into four groups.
• Who led international pressure against apartheid in South Africa?

  Desmond Tutu