B1: cell structure

• Eukaryotic cell


  A cell type where the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus

  
• Animal cell


  A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane and mitochondria but no chloroplasts or cell wall

  
• Plant cell


  A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall

  
• Prokaryotic cell


  A cell type where the genetic material is free within the cytoplasm and sometimes within plasmids

  
• Cell membrane


  Controls the entry of substances into and outside of the cell

  
• Nucleus


  Contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell

  
• Ribosomes


  Where protein synthesis takes place

  
• Cytoplasm


  A jelly-like substance that contains organelles and is where chemical reactions take place

  
• Mitochondria


  Where aerobic respiration takes place

  
• Permanent vacuole


  A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap found in plant cells

  
• Cell wall


  An outside layer of cellulose which strengthens and supports plant and algal cells

  
• Plasmids


  Small rings of extra DNA found in bacterial cells

  
• Chloroplasts


  Contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells

  
• Chlorophyll


  A green pigment found in the chloroplast that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

  
• Bacterial cell


  A single celled prokaryotic cell with free genetic material, a cell membrane and a cell wall

  
• DNA loop


  A single molecule of DNA that is found free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes

  
• Transpiration stream

  Water is taken up through the roots, transported up the plant then lost from the leaves
• RBC features

  • No nucleus
  • No cell wall
  • Contains haemoglobin
  • Much smaller than plant cells
• Xylem

  • Transports water and mineral ions
  • Made of dead cells
  • Contains lignin
  • Transpiration
• Phloem

  • transports dissolved sugars
  • made of living cells
  • tubular
  • translocation
  • bidirectional