biological molecules 𖦹

Created by

kassandra ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅

Cards (36)

nutrients is needed for cell growth & division, metabolism, repair & maintenance of health
simplest unit of proteins is amino acids
amino acids are made up of amino group, acid group and side chain
amino acids are linked up by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide
protein is formed by the folding of one or more polypeptides to give a unique 3D shape
proteins are needed for the synthesis of:
new protoplasm for growth & repair of worn out cells
enzymes & some hormones
antibodies to combat diseases
elements in proteins are C, H, O, N
biuret test is used for proteins
simplest unit of carbohydrates are glucose, galactose & fructose
carbohydrates provide immediate source of energy for cell activities
carbohydrates are used to form supporting structures
carbohydrates are used for conversion into other organic compounds
carbohydrates form nucleic acid
carbohydrates synthesises lubricants and nectar in flowers
di-saccharides: maltose, sucrose, lactose
sucrose is not a reducing sugar
poly-saccharides: starch, cellulose, glycogen
starch is a storage form of carbohydrates in plants
cellulose cell walls protect & seres as dietary fiber to prevent constipation
glycogen is a storage form of carbohydrates
Benedict’s test is used for reducing sugars
Iodine test is used for starch
elements in carbohydrates is C, H, O
some proteins have S, sulfur
elements in fats is C, H, O
ethanol emulsion test is used for fat
simplest units of fats is fatty acids & glycerol
fats are a source and storage of energy
fats act as an insulating material to prevent excessive heat loss
fats are used as a solvent for fat soluble vitamins & some hormones
fats form the main part of cell membranes
fats helps reduce water loss from skin surface
saturated fats are not healthy fats
saturated fat are usually present with cholesterol
excess intake of saturated fats with cholesterol may cause heart disease & gallstones
unsaturated fats reduces cholesterol level in blood