Acid, Bases and Salts

• Acids are proton donors
• Acids are substanced that contains hydrogen which can be replaced directly or indirectly by a metal to form salt
• Acids give away hydrogen ions
• Acids have a sour taste
• Acids are corrosive
• Acids change blue litmus paper to red
• Acids have a pH level less than 7
• Acids conduct electricity because they have a high concentration of hydrogen ions
• Acids are electrolytes
• Acids and bases have opposite properties and have the ability to neutralize each other
• When an acid reacts with a base they produce a salt
• Acids are insoluble in water and bases are soluble in water
• Five examples of an Acid:

  • Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)
  • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
  • Nitric Acid (HNO3)
  • Aceetic Acid (CH3COOH)
• When an Acid is added to water, the molecules ionize to form positive ions (H+) and negative anions.
• When an acid reacts with a metal they produce salt and hydrogen gas
• Nitrice acids doesnt produce salt and hydrogen when it reacts with metal as it is an oxidising agent
• When acids react with bases to form salt and water, the acid is said to be nuetralized
• pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a soluion is and is measure on a scale from 0-14
• On the pH scale numbers below 7 are more acidic while numbers above 7 are more basic
• While the number 7 on the pH scale is nuetral, which is said o be pure water
• The number 7 on the pH scale is neither acidic or alkaline
• The hydrochloric acid in our stomach which helps to kill bacteria has a pH of 2
• We test the pH of a solution by using an indicator
• Bases are proton acceptors
• Bases collect hydrogen ions to form water
• Bases are slippery
• Bases have a bitter taste
• Bases turn red litmus paper blue
• Bases have a pH level greater than 7
• All Alkalis are bases but not all Bases are Alkaline
• Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water to form a solution with a pH level greater than 7
• Examples of Acids in everyday life includes:

  • Citric acid (present in citric fruits)
  • Ascorbic acid (present in every fruit)
  • Vinegar (acetic acid)
  • Lactic Acid (present in milk)
  • Tartaric Acid (present in wine)
• Acids react with metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to for carbon dioxide and water
• Acids can be classified by their basicity
• Basicity means the number of H+ ions produced when the acid dissolves in water
• Monobasic acids produce one H+ ion per molecule
• Dibasic acid produces two H+ ions per molecule
• Tribasic acids produce three H+ ions per molecule
• Alkali react in water to form OH- (hydroxide) ions and hydrogen gas
• When an acid and base reacts we call it a neutralization reaction