Bio

• DELUSIONS – false belief, based on incorrect inference about external reality
• PERSECUTORY DELUSION - false belief that one is going to be harmed, harassed, or

  one's loved ones are being persecuted.
• REFERENTIAL DELUSION – a belief that everyday events, objects, or other people have

  an unusual personal significance.
• GRANDIOSE DELUSION – an individual believes that he or she has exceptional abilities.
• DELUSION OF BEING CONTROLLED – beliefs that one's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

  are being imposed or controlled by an external force
• EROTOMANIC DELUSION – an individual believes falsely that another person is in love

  with him or her.
• NIHILISTIC DELUSION – the conviction that a major catastrophe will occur
• SOMATIC DELUSION – false belief that one's appearance or part of one's body is

  diseased or altered.
• THOUGHT WITHDRAWAL – belief that thoughts are being removed from one's mind by

  another person or object.
• DELUSION OF GUILT OR SIN – false belief that one has committed a terrible act or is

  responsible for a terrible event.
• DELUSIONAL JEALOUSY – false belief that their spouses or romantic partners have been

  unfaithful.
• EROTOMANIC TYPE: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion is that

  another person is in love with the individual.
• GRANDIOSE TYPE: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion is the

  conviction of having some great (but unrecognized) talent or insight or having made some

  important discovery.
• JEALOUS TYPE: This subtype applies when the central theme of the individual's delusion is that

  his or her spouse or lover is unfaithful.
• PERSECUTORY TYPE: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion involves the

  individual's belief that he or she is being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed,

  poisoned, or drugged, maliciously maligned, harassed, or obstructed in the pursuit of long-term

  goals.
• SOMATIC TYPE: This subtype applies when the central theme of the delusion involves bodily

  functions or sensations.
• MIXED TYPE: This subtype applies when no one delusional theme predominates.
• UNSPECIFIED TYPE: This subtype applies when the dominant delusional belief cannot be clearly

  determined or is not described in the specific types (e.g., referential delusions without a

  prominent persecutory or grandiose components).
• WITH BIZARRE CONTENT: Delusions are deemed bizarre if they are clearly implausible, not

  understandable, and not derived from ordinary life experiences (e.g., an individual's belief that

  a stranger has removed his or her internal organs and replaced them with someone else's

  organs without leaving any wounds or scars).
• GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGY – Delusional disorder has a significant familial relationship with

  both schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder.
• SCHIZOPRENIA- A conglomeration of disturbances in thought, emotion, and behavior.
• SCHIZOPRENIA - Characterized by disordered thinking, faulty perception and attention, lack of emotional

  responsiveness or inappropriate expression, disturbances in movement and behavior,

  and social withdrawal.
• DELUSIONS - False belief, based on incorrect inference about external reality. : SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Hallucination - a false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli. : POSITIVE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Auditory Hallucination - is usually experienced as voices, whether familiar or

  unfamiliar, that are perceived as distinct from the individual's own thoughts
• Tactile Hallucination - involves the perception that something is happening to the

  outside of the body.
• Visual Hallucination - visual perception of something that is not actually present.
• C. Disorganized Thought and Speech

  * Loose associations - The individual may switch from one topic to another.
• C. Disorganized Thought and Speech : Incoherence or word salad - inability to express oneself clearly and orderly, most

  commonly manifested as disjointed and unintelligible speech.
• C. Disorganized Thought and Speech : Tangentiality - Answers to questions may be obliquely related or completely unrelated.
• Catatonic behavior is a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment
• Stupor - lack of reaction and unawareness of surroundings.
• Mutism - lack of verbal response.
• Waxy Flexibility - limbs stay in the position another person puts them in
• Stereotypy - repetitive movements for no reason
• Posturing - holding a posture that fights gravity
• Agitation - severe anxiety associated with motor restlessness
• Grimacing - contorted facial movements
• Echolalia - meaningless repetition of another person's word
• Echopraxia - pathological imitation of movements of one person by another