USELF

• Philosophy

  • Comes from the core values and mantra that drives us towards our goals
  • “The pursuit of knowledge for its own sake”

  Comes from the greek word

  Philo (loving)

  Sophia (Knowledge, wisdom)
• Abraham Maslow's pyramidal "Hierarchy of Needs" model is a highly-influential way of organizing human needs from the most "basic" to the most advanced. Maslow's argument is that the most basic needs must be met before people can move "up" to the more advanced needs
• BODY

  The physical structure of a person or an animal, including the bones, flesh, and organs.
• SOUL

  ● The spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal. (a person's moral or emotional nature or sense of identity.)
• MIND

  ● The element of a person that enables them to be aware of the world and their experiences, to think, and to feel; is the faculty of consciousness and thought.
• SOCRATES

  ● Socrates is not to be identified with what we own, with our social status, our reputation, or even with our body. Instead, Socrates famously maintained that our true self is our soul.
• PLATO

  ● was a student of Socrates who became known through his dialogues.

  ● “Man is the soul enclosed in a body.”

  ● In addition to what Socrates earlier espoused, Plato added that there are parts or three components to the soul:

  
  

  • the rational soul (awareness of a goal or a value)
  • the spirited soul (drive toward action)
  • the appetitive soul (desire for the things of the body)
• ST. AUGUSTINE

  ● Following the ancient view of Plato and infusing it with the newfound doctrine of Christianity, he agreed that man is of *bifurcated nature.

  ● There is an aspect of man, which dwells in the world, that is imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the divine while the other is capable of reaching immortality.
• RENE DESCARTES

  ● French philosopher, mathematician, scientist and writer of the Age of Reason. He has been called the "Father of Modern Philosophy“

  ● Descartes believed the mind is the seat of our consciousness. Because it houses our drives, intellect, and passions, it gives us our identity and our sense of self.
• JOHN LOCKE

  ● John Locke speaks of personal identity and survival of consciousness after death.

  ● John Locke holds that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity.
• DAVID HUME

  ● Scottish philosopher and empiricist who argues that the SELF is not an entity over and beyond the physical body.

  ● The SELF is nothing but a bundle of impressions. If one tries to examine his/her experiences, he finds that they can all be categorized into two: impressions and ideas.
• Impressions: an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone, especially one formed without conscious thought or on the basis of little evidence.

  • Ideas: a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action.
• IMMANUEL KANT

  ● Kant is a central figure in modern philosophy.

  ● His view on the “SELF” is transcendental, which means the “self” is related to a spiritual or nonphysical realm.

  ● The self is not in the body, and it does not have the qualities of the body.
• SIGMUND FREUD

  ● Sigmund Freud was a famous neurologist and the creator of psychoanalysis.

  ● He is the proponent of the concept of id, ego, and superego as layers within an individual.
• GILBERT RYLE

  ● Gilbert Ryle was a famous 20th century ordinary language philosopher who authored The Concept of Mind
• PAUL CHURCHLAND

  ● A philosopher and professor known for the study of neurophilosophy.

  ● adheres to materialism, the belief that nothing but matter exists. In other words, if it can't somehow be recognized by the senses then it's akin to a fairy tale.
• MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

  ● Maurice Merleau-Ponty believed the physical body to be an important part of what makes up the subjective self.

  ● This concept stands in contradiction to rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism asserts that reason and mental perception, rather than physical senses and experience, are the basis of knowledge and self.
• SELF

  ● (noun)a person's essential being that distinguishes them from others, especially considered as the object of introspection or reflexive action.
• Sociological self is a socially formed norm, belief, and values that come to exist within a person to a degree where these become natural and normal
• GEORGE SIMMEL

  ● Expressed that people create social networks by joining social groups
• SOCIAL GROUP

  ● Described as having two or more people interacting with one another, sharing similar characteristics, and whose members identify themselves as part of the group
• SOCIAL NETWORK

  ● Refers to the ties or connections that link you to your social group
• ORGANIC GROUP

  ● The law is not written; freedom is limited

  ● Naturally occurring, and it is highly influenced by your family

  ● Usually formed in traditional societies because there is little diversity in these communities

  ● Sociologist George Simmel stated that you join these groups because your family is also a part of it, in the first place; this is called organic motivation
• RATIONAL GROUP

  ● Law is written; higher context of freedom Because of the number of people that needs to be monitored

  ● The family in modern societies is not the main motivation when joining rational social groups

  ● Rational groups are formed as a matter of shared self-interests; moreover, people join these groups out of their own free will – this is called rational motivation
• Sociology

  ● a social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them.
• Anthropology

  ● the science of humanity,” which studies human beings in aspects ranging from the biology and evolutionary history of Homo sapiens to the features of society and culture that decisively distinguish humans from other animal species.

  ● The study of people past and present and how it evolves especially in the cultural aspects
• Behavioral Genetics

  ● The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology.
• Nature

  ● The influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth and social interactions
• Nurture

  ● The influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth and social interactions
• GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

  ● Well known for his “theory of the Social Self”

  ● Focused on how the “self” is developed

  ● His theory is based on perspective that the self is a product of social interactions and internalizing the external views along with one’s personal view about oneself
• Language

  ● Develops self by allowing individuals to respond to each other through symbols, gestures, words, and sounds.
• Play

  ● Develops self by allowing individuals to take on different roles, pretend, and express expectations of others. Play develops one’s self-consciousness through role-plating

  ● Second stage for self-development

  ● Individuals role-play or assume the perspective of others
• Games

  ● Develop self by allowing individuals to understand and adhere to the rules of the activity.
• ME

  Is the product of what the person has learned while interacting with others and with the environment

  • Comprised of learned behaviors, attitudes, and even expectations
• I

  Is the part of the self that is unsocialized and spontaneous

  It is the individual’s response to the community’s attitude toward the person

  • Presents impulses
• anthropological self is a product of individual’s social interactions (organic and rational) which form the psychological and biological aspects of the self (culture)
• KATHERINE EWING

  ● Described the self as encompassing the “physical organism, possessing psychological functioning and social attributes”
• NATURE

  Genes and hereditary

  factors

  Physical appearance

  Personality characteristics
• Nurture

  Environmental variables

  Childhood experiences

  How we were raised

  Social relationships

  Surrounding culture
• JOHN LEDOUX

  Conceptualized the implicit and explicit aspects of the self