Cultural variations in Psychology

• Label this table:

  A) Insecure Avoidant (Type a)

  B) Secure (Type B)

  C) Insecure Resistant (Type C)

  D) Great Britan

  E) Japan

  F) USA

  
• Fill in the blanks:

  A) Type A

  B) 8

  C) UK

  D) 50%

  E) 150% greater

  F) Collectivist

  G) Adverse

  H) Individualist

  I) insecure resistant

  J) 32

  K) 15

  
• How many studies were pooled together in the meta-analysis of attachment across cultures?

  32 studies
• What was the main finding regarding attachment styles across the 8 countries?

  Minimal differences; secure attachments were majority
• What was the secure attachment percentage found in Simonelli's 2014 study?

  50%
• What change in insecure avoidant levels was reported in Simonelli's study?

  Insecure avoidant increased to 36%
• What did Simonelli attribute the changes in attachment behavior to?

  Changing role of mothers in culture
• Which country had the most secure attachments according to Kyoungjin's 2012 study?

  South Korea
• What type of insecure attachments were most common in South Korea?

  Most were resistant, not avoidant
• What does the prevalence of secure attachments support regarding Bowlby's theory?

  • Supports innate and universal attachment theory
  • Indicates secure attachments are common across cultures
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using standardized methods in attachment studies?

  Strengths:

  • Consistent basis for comparison
  • Reduces variation in results

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Different social standards may affect outcomes
  • Cultural differences can lead to misinterpretation
• Why is it beneficial for researchers to be indigenous to the country of study?

  Reduces language barriers and mistranslation risks
• What are the implications of the "no one size fits all" concept in attachment studies?

  • Ainsworth's study is American-oriented
  • May misidentify attachment types in different cultures
  • Cultural relevance is crucial for accurate assessment