multicultural ethics in psychology

• Informed consent requires researchers to provide participants with full information about the research and obtain their permission to take part in the study.
• Cultural pluralism


  a perspective that recognizes the complexity and diversity of cultures and values
• Cultural tunnel vision 


  a perception of reality based on a very limited set of cultural experiences
• Culturally Encapsulated Counselor


  Defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions.- Shows insensitivity to cultural variations among individuals. -Accepts unreasoned assumptions without proof or ignores proof because that might disconfirm one’s assumptions -Fails to evaluate other viewpoints and makes little attempt to accommodate the behavior of others -Is trapped in one way of thinking that resists adaptation and rejects alternatives
• Multicultural counseling competencies provide a framework for effective delivery of services to diverse client populations.
• In some cases, cultural traditions contribute to the underutilization of traditional psychotherapeutic services by clients from diverse groups.
• Many clients have come to distrust helpers associated with the establishment or with social service agencies because of a history of unequal treatment
• The medical model of clinical counseling is often not a good fit for people of lower socioeconomic status.
• Practitioners need to understand that heterosexism pervades social and cultural foundations of many institutions and often contributes to negative attitudes toward LGBT people.
• People with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities represent the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States
• The foundational principle in counseling persons with disabilities is to treat the person first rather than treat the disability.
• Diversity includes factors such as culture, religion, race, ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, education, and socioeconomic level.
• It is impossible to match client and therapist in all areas of potential diversity, which means that all encounters with clients are diverse, at least to some degree.
• Racial microaggressions


  brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of other races.
• Multicultural competencies


  a set of knowledge and skills that are essential to the culturally skilled practitioners