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HIGHER BIOLOGY
Unit 1
1.3 + 1.5 - gene expression and genome
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Eilidh Robertson
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Cards (31)
define the genome?
The entire
hereditary
information in our
DNA
exons
are
coding
regions of DNA
introns
are
non coding
regions of DNA
function of exons?
produce
specific
proteins
function of introns?
Regulate
transcription
transcribed
into t/r RNA but not
translated
RNA is
single
stranded whereas DNA is
double
stranded
RNA has a
ribose
sugar whereas DNA has a
deoxyribose
sugar
DNA has base
Thymine
but RNA has base
Uracil
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA
,
tRNA
,
rRNA
function of mRNA?
carries a
complimentary copy
of the
DNA code
from the
nucleus
to the
ribosome
what is rRNA?
forms the
ribosome
along with
proteins
what is the function of tRNA?
transfer amino acids to the
ribosome
during
protein synthesis
What are A and B?
A)
Amino acid attachment site
B)
Anti-codon
2
Function of RNA polymerase?
unwinds
double helix by breaking
hydrogen
bonds and attaches free
complimentary
RNA
nucleotides
to make a
primary
transcript
Where does transcription occur?
nucleus
where does translation occur?
ribosome
Exons from the primary transcript are joined to form a
mature mRNA
transcript
What does RNA splicing do?
removes
introns
from the
primary
transcript and results in a mature mRNA transcript
What is alternative RNA splicing?
a process which creates
different proteins
from one
gene
during alternative RNA splicing, the order of the
exons
on the primary transcript remain
unchanged
What happens during translation?
the mature transcript is
translated
into a
polypeptide
using
tRNA
and
rRNA
translation begins at the
start
codon and stops at the
stop
codon
Amino acids are joined by
peptide
bonds
What is a string of amino acids called?
polypeptide
chain
Define phenotype?
the
physical
appearance determined by the
proteins
produced as a result of gene
expression
and
environmental
factors
Define genotype?
the
alleles
that an organism has for a particular
characteristic
, normally written as
letters
what is polymerase?
an
enzyme
that
synthesises DNA
/
RNA chains
from
single nucleotides
is DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase required for PCR?
DNA
every 3 bases on an mRNA strand are called
codons
3 bases on tRNA is called an
anti-codon
What is a peptide bond?
a
covalent
chemical bond formed beween two
amino
acids