1.3 + 1.5 - gene expression and genome

Cards (31)

  • define the genome?
    The entire hereditary information in our DNA
  • exons are coding regions of DNA
  • introns are non coding regions of DNA
  • function of exons?
    produce specific proteins
  • function of introns?
    Regulate transcription
    transcribed into t/r RNA but not translated
  • RNA is single stranded whereas DNA is double stranded
  • RNA has a ribose sugar whereas DNA has a deoxyribose sugar
  • DNA has base Thymine but RNA has base Uracil
  • What are the 3 types of RNA?
    mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
  • function of mRNA?
    carries a complimentary copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome
  • what is rRNA?
    forms the ribosome along with proteins
  • what is the function of tRNA?
    transfer amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis
  • What are A and B?
    A) Amino acid attachment site
    B) Anti-codon
  • Function of RNA polymerase?
    unwinds double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds and attaches free complimentary RNA nucleotides to make a primary transcript
  • Where does transcription occur?
    nucleus
  • where does translation occur?
    ribosome
  • Exons from the primary transcript are joined to form a mature mRNA transcript
  • What does RNA splicing do?
    removes introns from the primary transcript and results in a mature mRNA transcript
  • What is alternative RNA splicing?
    a process which creates different proteins from one gene
  • during alternative RNA splicing, the order of the exons on the primary transcript remain unchanged
  • What happens during translation?
    the mature transcript is translated into a polypeptide using tRNA and rRNA
  • translation begins at the start codon and stops at the stop codon
  • Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
  • What is a string of amino acids called?
    polypeptide chain
  • Define phenotype?
    the physical appearance determined by the proteins produced as a result of gene expression and environmental factors
  • Define genotype?
    the alleles that an organism has for a particular characteristic, normally written as letters
  • what is polymerase?
    an enzyme that synthesises DNA/RNA chains from single nucleotides
  • is DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase required for PCR?
    DNA
  • every 3 bases on an mRNA strand are called codons
  • 3 bases on tRNA is called an anti-codon
  • What is a peptide bond?
    a covalent chemical bond formed beween two amino acids