Midterm

• Canon: In literature, this is the collection of works considered representative of a certain genre and period
• Canonical Authors: Writers whose works have been well appreciated and considered representatives of certain genres of literature
• National Artists for Literature: The highest national recognition given to Filipino writers who made significant contributions to the development of Philippine Literature
• Jose Garcia Villa:

  • National Artist for Literature in 1973
  • Known for introducing the reversed consonance rhyme scheme
  • Known for his comma poems
  • Used the pseudonym Doveglion, derived from dove, eagle, lion
  • Works include Footnote to Youth, Many Voices, Have Come, Am Here, The Anchored Angel
• Amado V. Hernandez:

  • National Artist for Literature in 1973
  • Function of a writer is to act as the conscience of the human spirit in the face of inequity and oppression
  • Known as the "Manunulat ng Manggagawa"
  • Works include Isang Dipang Langit, Luha ng Buwaya, Mga Ibong Mandaragit
• Carlos P. Romulo:

  • National Artist for Literature in 1982
  • Career spanned 50 years of public service as educator, soldier, university president, journalist, and diplomat
  • 1st Asian President of UN
  • Known for broadcasts during Japanese colonization as the VOICE OF FREEDOM
  • Only Asian to win Pulitzer Prize for Journalism for predicting WWII outbreak
• Francisco Arcellana:

  • National Artist for Literature in 1990
  • Known for pioneering the development of short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form
  • Works include Poetry and Politics, The State of Original Writing in English and Philippines Today, The Other Woman, To Touch You and I touched Her, Frankie, The Man Who Would be Poem, Death in a Factory, Lina, A Clown Remembers
• Nick Joaquin:

  • National Artist for Literature in 1976
  • Known as Quijano de Manila
  • Contribution includes exploration of the Philippine colonial past under Spain and probing into the psychology of social changes
  • Works include The Woman Who Had Two Navels, Ballad of the Five Battles, Rizal in Saga, Almanac for Manilenos, Cave and Shadows
• N.V.M. Gonzales:

  • National Artist for Literature in 1997
  • Filipino novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet
  • Distinctively wrote of the Filipino life and of the Filipino in the world
• Levi Celerio:

  • National Artist for Literature in 1997
  • Prolific lyricist and composer
  • Made it to Guinness Book of World Records as the only person to make music using a leaf
  • Wrote 4000 songs and contributed to enriching Philippine music
• Edith L. Tiempo:

  • Widely acknowledged as the Mother of Philippine Literature
  • Poet, fictionist, teacher, and literary critic
  • Characterized by remarkable fusion of style and substance, craftsmanship, and insight
  • Poems "The Little Marmoset" and "Bonsai" are intricate verbal transfigurations of significant experiences
  • Founded and directed Siliman National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City
  • Some of the country's best writers were produced from the workshop
• Francisco Sionel Jose:

  • Writings since the late 60s described as epic
  • Reflects aspirations of Filipinos: national sovereignty and social justice
  • Works translated into various languages
  • "Rosales Saga" captures Philippine History and intertwines personal lives with social struggles
• Virgilio Almario:

  • Famous for "Ibong Adarna"
  • Translated Jose Rizal's "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo" into Filipino
  • Emphasized being a great person before a great writer
• Alejandro R. Roces:

  • Known as the country's best comic writer
  • Poet, librettist, scholar
  • Works include "Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa," "Balaybay," and others
• Bienvenido Lumbera:

  • Introduced Ba Poetry to Tagalog literature
  • Works include "Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa," "Balaybay," and others
• Lazaro Francisco:

  • Developed a social realist tradition in Philippine fiction
  • Held workshops to bring poetry and fiction closer to people
  • Known as the Master of Tagalog Novel
• Cirilo F. Bautista:

  • •He’s a teacher of literature and realized that classroom is an important training ground for Filipino writers.