Peacemaking

• When was the armistice to end WW1 signed

  Nov 11 1918
• How did Britain, France, and the USA react to the armistice

  they celebrated the end of the fighting
• How did the German people feel about the armistice and why

  • shocked and angry
  • they were close to victory in spring 1918
  • many believed it was temporary
• Who was the Prime minister of France who helped negotiate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles

  Georges Clemenceau
• What did George Clemenceau want from the ToV

  • revenge and to punish the Germans for what they had done to France
  • to make Germany pay
  • to weaken German military
  • return of Alsace-Lorraine
  • Rhineland to become an independent country to add a buffer between France and Germany to keep France safe
• What was the French reaction to the TofV terms

  • They were furious as they thought the terms were too lenient
  • They wanted Germany to suffer like France had when Germany invaded and occupied them
  • They were disappointed in Clemenceau and voted him out in the next election
• Who was the prime minister of Britain who helped negotiate the TofV terms

  David Lloyd-George
• What did Clemenceau get from the TofV that he wanted

  • French didnt think Germany was punished harshly enough
  • Harsh reparations were granted (£6.6 billion) but they didnt cover war cost
  • German military wasnt disbanded, only reducedd to 100,000 men
• What did Lloyd-George want from the TofV

  • Wanted Germany punished but wanted to maintain lasting peace so not too harsh
  • Wanted Germany to be a strong trading partner for Britain
  • Justice
  • to maintain British control of the seas
  • expansion of British Empire
• What did Lloyd-George get from the TofV that he wanted

  • Germany wasnt punished as harshly as France wanted but British thought it was fair apart from some
  • Germany crippled by reparations cost and could barely develop trade
  • Britain benefited from German colonies in Africa
  • German navy given to Britain
  • Some people in Britain felt that it was too harsh
• Who was the President of the US who helped negotiate TofV terms

  Woodrow Wilson
• What were some of Wilson's 14 points that he wanted from the TofV

  • Disarmament so countries couldn't fight
  • France to regain Alsace-Lorraine
  • Creation of the League of Nations to maintain peace and collective security
  • Peace without victors to eliminate chance for lingering revenges
• What did Wilson get from the ToV that he wanted

  • Germany had to disarm but the victors didn't
  • LoN was created but US didn't join
  • Germany felt like it was too harshly punished and wanted revenge eventually
  • Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France
• How did the USA feel about the ToV

  • Felt like it was too harsh
  • America turned to isolationism and didn't want to get involved with European affairs
  • Senate did not approve treaty
  • Didn't want to join LoN
• What did the Armed Forces term do to Germany

  • Restricted army to 100,000
  • No conscription, air force, or submarines
  • Made Germany weak + vulnerable to attack
  • Prussia saw army as national pride and found it humiliating
• What did the Demilitarisation of the Rhineland clause do to Germany

  • No Germany troops allowed in German-French border
  • Germany vulnerable to French attack - they invaded easily in 1923
• What did the lost land term do to Germany

  • lost Alsace-Lorraine
  • Polish Corridor split Germany in 2
  • German colonies given to victors
  • Colonies were a source of trade + income
  • Saar was a very economically important area + had many German speaking people
• What did the War Guilt Clause (Article 231) do to Germany

  • It blamed Germany for the Outbreak of WW1
  • Germany knew she wasn't being treated as an equal and faced humiliation
  • fueled outrage and feeling of injustice
• What did Anchluss being forbidden do to Germany

  people were denied the autonomy of joining with other German speakers
• What effect did the reparations term have on Germany

  • had to pay £6.6 billion
  • crippled economy
  • kept Germany weak
• When was The Treaty of Versailles signed

  June 1919
• What is self determination

  The right of a country to form its own government without interference
• When was the Paris Peace conference and what did it do

  
  

  Jan 1919 / established new borders and countries like Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia