revolution in italy

• the kingdom of the two sicilies had been ruled by the bourbon kings and Lombardy Venetia by austria since the 1815 convert of Europe.
• during the 19th century many people wanted italy to be unified and free from Austrian rule, but no one could decide on what kind of united nation they want italy to be
• the carbonara- united all the others in a revolt against austria. austria sent in soldiers to break of the rebellion. one of the leaders, Giuseppe Mazzini, escaped.
• Mazzini fronde a new society called the young italy. every member had to be younger than 40 and prepared to use violence
• the young Italians wanted to make italy a united single republic. in fear Austria declared being a part of the young Italians was punishable by death
• despite the Austrians threatening death, young italy continued to grow. one of the members were Giuseppe Garibaldi who became Mazzini's right hand man.
• in Palermo, sicily, they started to demand change. they were well organised with posters and flyers. the protest had lots of support.
• in Palermo, sicily, they declared independence from the bourbon kings and brought back the pre-1812 constitution which allowed some democracy and the election of parliament
• in Milan they planned to upset the Austrian treasury by stopping smoking and the lottery, they denied Austrians the taxes involved. Austrian soldiers shot into the crows and killed civilians
• the five days of Milan- violence and revolts in Milan following the uprising where Austrians killed civilians.
• by the end of the five days of Milan, Austrian soldiers left and revolutionary leaders pledged allegiance to the king of Piedmont Sardinia, Charles Albert of savoy
• venice declared themselves an independent republic
• Charles Albert of savoy joined forces with the other leaders of italy to try to get the Austrians to leave. the pope decided he couldn't fight another catholic state and withdrew his troops.
• Charles Albert signed a treaty with the Austrians agreeing to return to the old boarders
• people begin to get more and more violent and the pope fled to Naples with other leaders
• Garibaldi and Mazzini begin to build a Rome of the people and a republic was declared.
• the pope wanted Rome back and the catholics and the French (because Napoleon wanted loyalty form the catholics) drove the young Italians out
• austria reclaimed the Italian states and the pope returned to Rome
• the rebels in Venice surrendered. sicily held out the longest but the bourbon army were able to take back the island.
• the 1848 revolution in italy had failed