English

• Bias: an inclination for or against a person of thing especially in a way consedered to be unfair
• Bias:

  both negative and positive attitudes
• Bias:

  results in unfairness
• Prejudices


  reconceived opinion that is not based on actual experience or reason
• prejudices


  results in discrimination
• common types of biases

  confirmation, media, anchoring, halo, conformity
• anchoring bias


  rely too much on pre- existing information
• media bias 


  select the events and stories
• conformity bias

  to please the group of people
• halo effect 


  positively influenced by our opinions
• common types of prejudices

  classism, sexism, racism, religion, ageism
• racism


  dominance of one race over another
• classism

  wealth, occupation, income, education, and social network
• religion

  beliefs about religion
• compare

  like,both,as well, in common, similar, same, in conclusion
• contrast


  unlike, whereas, although, meanwhile, on other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
• venn diagram 


  for displaying comparisons as they can usefully display areas of difference, as well simi
• T chart


  can be used to seperate information into two categories
• three columns

  attributes are conpared and contrast using 3 columns
• confirmation bias

  • existing beliefs
• ageism

  -older people
• sexism

  • sex/gender
• prejudices

  -usually negative attitudes
• anchored

  • specific idea
• filtering

  • all new information
• Facts

  • Statements that can be verified
  • they can be proven true or false
  • statements of fact are objective
• Questions to identify Facts

  1.) Can the statement be proved or demonstrated to be true?

  2.) Can the statement be observed in practice or operation?

  3.) Can the statement be verified by witness, manuscripts, or documents?
• Opinions

  • statements that express a writer's feelings, attitudes, or beliefs 
  • they are neither true nor false
  • they are one person's view about the topic or issue
• Types of opinions

  1.) Positions on contreversal issues

  2.) Predictions about things in the future

  3.) Evaluations of people, places, and things
• Biased words in opinions:

  Bad, worse, worst,good,better,best,worthwhile,worthless,etc.
• Qualitiers in opinions:

  all,always,likely,never,might,seem,possibly,probably,should,etc
• Ad Hominem

  Means "against the man", sometimes called name-calling or the personal attack fallacy
• Straw man Fallacy

  When someone takes another person's argument or point, distorts it, or exaggerates it in some kind of extreme way
• Ad Hominem fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person instead of attacking their argument
• Faulty causes and Effects (Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc)

  This fallacy falsely assumes that one event causes another
• Fallacy

  A faulty reasoning: a breakdown of logic
• "It rains every time, I don't bring an umbrella"
• Fallacious argument

  One that tries to argue from A to B, but because it contains hidden assumptions or factual irrelevancies, reaches an invalid conclusion
• Example of Straw man Fallacy: Parent says "No phone on school nights." Teenager responds with excuses not related to the argument
• Ad Populum (Appeal to popular opinion)

  Claims a conclusion is true because most, all, or even an elite group of people irrelevantly think, believe, or feel that it is