Biology Review Flashcards

• Chlorella and Paramecium are both unicellular eukaryotic organisms living in freshwater. Chlorella is photosynthetic and has a cell wall. Which organelle will be found in Paramecium but not in Chlorella?

  
  

  a)Chloroplast

  b)Contractile vacuole

  c)Rough endoplasmic reticulum

  d)Mitochondrion

  b)Contractile vacuole
• What would show that a person has developed metastatic cancer?

  
  

  a)Alveolus cells forming a tumour in the lungs

  
  

  b)Cancer cells producing the skin pigment melanin in the liver

  
  

  c)A tumour in the prostate gland increasing levels of prostate-specific antigen

  
  

  d)Cancerous lymphocytes in blood plasma

  b) Cancer cells producing the skin pigment melanin in the liver
• What is the reason for Taq DNA polymerase being used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? A. It does not denature at high temperatures.

  B. It produces Okazaki fragments more rapidly.

  C. It allows translation to proceed rapidly.

  D. It works efficiently with helicase in PCR

  A. It does not denature at high temperatures.
• The first iron ore deposits in rocks appeared about 1.8 billion years ago. What took place to make this occur?

  a) Some prokaryotic organisms began to absorb carbon dioxide from seawater.

  
  

  b)Some eukaryotic organisms began to absorb carbon dioxide from seawater.

  
  

  c) Some prokaryotic organisms began to release oxygen into seawater.

  
  

  D) Some eukaryotic organisms began to release oxygen into seawater.

  c) Some prokaryotic organisms began to release oxygen into seawater.
• What are all the possible phenotypes of children born to a mother with blood group AB and a father with blood group A?

  a) AB only

  b) A and B

  c) AB, A and B

  d) AB, A and O

  c) AB, A and B
• How can a chi-squared test be used in ecological research?

  
  

  a)To test the effect of an abiotic factor on one plant species

  
  

  b) To test whether two species tend to live together

  
  

  c) To test whether one population of plants is taller than another

  
  

  d) To test whether one species is more tolerant to heavy metals than another

  b) To test whether two species tend to live together
• The oceans absorb much of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The combustion of fossil fuels has increased carbon dioxide ocean concentrations. What adverse effect does this have on marine life?

  a) Heterotrophs consume more phytoplankton.

  
  

  b)Phytoplankton have increased rates of photosynthesis.

  
  

  c) Corals deposit less calcium carbonate to form skeletons.

  
  

  d) Increased pH reduces enzyme activity in marine organisms.

  c) Corals deposit less calcium carbonate to form skeletons.
• Plankton are major producers in marine ecosystems. Only a small proportion of the energy harvested by plankton is passed to the primary consumers. Which process in phytoplankton results in the largest loss of energy that could otherwise be utilized by consumers?

  a) Reproduction

  b) Homeostasis

  c) Excretion

  d) Respiration

  d) Respiration
• What would restrict evolution by natural selection if a species only reproduced by cloning?

  
  

  a) Too few offspring would be produced.

  
  

  b)Mutations could not occur.

  
  

  c)The offspring would show a lack of variation.

  
  

  d)The offspring would be the same sex as the parent.

  c)The offspring would show a lack of variation.
• An animal has the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, mouth but no anus, ribbon shape. Which phylum does the animal belong to?

  
  

  a) Mollusca

  
  

  b)Cnidaria

  
  

  c) Annelida

  
  

  d) Platyhelmintha

  d) Platyhelmintha
• What happens in the heart when epinephrine is secreted into the blood?

  i) Pressure in the heart falls.

  
  

  ii) The pulmonary artery transports oxygenated blood at a faster rate.

  
  

  iii) The sinoatrial node increases the rate of electrical signals.

  
  

  a) I only

  b) I and II only

  c) II and III only

  d) II only

  d) II only
• What is a feature of phagocytic white blood cells?

  
  

  a) Stimulate blood clotting

  
  

  b) Found only in the circulatory system

  
  

  c) Form part of non-specific immunity

  
  

  d) Produce antibodies

  c) Form part of non-specific immunity
• In 1940, Florey and Chain tested penicillin on bacterial infections in eight mice, before treating a sick patient. Currently, what is the correct order for testing the effectiveness of an antibiotic or other drug?

  
  

  a) Affected patients, animals, healthy people

  
  

  b) Animals, healthy people, affected patients

  
  

  c) Healthy people, animals, affected patients

  
  

  d) Animals, affected patients, healthy people

  b) Animals, healthy people, affected patients
• Which are two proteins that assist in the unwinding and separation of DNA strands during replication?

  
  

  a) Helicase and DNA polymerase III

  
  

  b) DNA gyrase and DNA polymerase I

  
  

  c) Helicase and DNA primase

  
  

  d) Single-strand binding protein and DNA gyrase

  d) Single-strand binding protein and DNA gyrase
• How does auxin exert its effect on plant cells?

  
  

  A) Acts directly on the cell wall, causing expansion

  
  

  B) Binds to a receptor resulting in expression of genes

  
  

  C) Causes the vacuole to absorb water and expand the cell

  
  

  D) Causes the cell to undergo cell division

  B) Binds to a receptor resulting in expression of genes
• Plants were given four different light treatments to investigate the influence of light on flowering. Which method can be used to induce a short-day plant to flower?

  A) 8 hours light, 8 hours dark, 8 hours light

  
  

  B) 14 hours light, 10 hours dark

  
  

  C) 8 hours light, 16 hours dark

  
  

  D) 10 hours light, 14 hours dark with a flash of light halfway through

  C) 8 hours light, 16 hours dark
• Andalusian fowl have varied colours and types of feathers. The allele for black feathers is codominant with the allele for white, producing blue feathers in the heterozygote. The texture of feathers is controlled by another gene, with silky feathers recessive to normal. Blue silky birds are crossed with black silky birds. What is the expected proportion of blue silky offspring?

  
  

  A) 0%

  
  

  B) 25%

  
  

  C) 50%

  C) 50%
• Many commercially produced bananas are triploid instead of diploid. The nucleus of a triploid cell has three sets of chromosomes. What is the effect of triploidy?

  A) Seeds are larger.

  B) Chromosomes cannot pair in meiosis.

  C) Sexual reproduction is more rapid.

  D) Mitosis cannot occur.

  B) Chromosomes cannot pair in meiosis.
• Hybridoma cells are produced in laboratories for medical diagnostics and treatments. Which two cells are fused to produce a hybridoma cell?

  A. Gametes from two phenotypically different parents

  B. Two different antigen-secreting cells

  C. Two different tumour cells

  D. A plasma cell and a tumour cell

  D. A plasma cell and a tumour cell
• What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

  A. To enable actin to expose binding sites on myosin

  B. To bind to troponin, exposing binding sites on actin

  C. To prevent an action potential in the muscle membrane

  D. To bind to tropomyosin, blocking binding sites on actin

  B. To bind to troponin, exposing binding sites on actin
• Stargardt's disease, a genetic disorder that causes vision loss, is being treated using retinal cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Why are embryonic stem cells used?

  A. They are already specialized for this function.

  B. They are able to differentiate into the required cell type.

  C. They retain stem cell properties after specialization.

  D. There are no ethical issues concerning their use.

  B. They are able to differentiate into the required cell type.
• By which process do potassium ions move through potassium channels in axons?

  A. Active transport

  B. Exocytosis

  C. Facilitated diffusion

  D. Simple diffusion

  C. Facilitated diffusion
• Which statement provides evidence for endosymbiosis?

  A. Early prokaryotes contributed to a large increase in oxygen in the atmosphere.

  B. Eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA.

  C. Certain groups of ancient prokaryotes developed mechanisms to carry out aerobic respiration.

  D. Experiments by Miller and Urey produced simple organic molecules in abiotic conditions.

  B. Eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA.
• What is a proteome?

  A. The genes that code for all the proteins in the ribosome

  B. The group of proteins that generate a proton gradient in mitochondria C. The entire genome of a prokaryote

  D. The entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a certain time

  D. The entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a certain time
• Some photosynthesis experiments require water that is free of carbon dioxide. What is the best way to produce this?

  A. Boiling and cooling water

  B. Adding hydrogencarbonate solution to water

  C. Adding alkali to water

  D. Immobilizing carbon dioxide on alginate beads

  A. Boiling and cooling water
• Which statements are characteristics of alleles?

  I. Alleles differ significantly in number of base pairs.

  II. Alleles are specific forms of a gene.

  III. New alleles are formed by mutation.

  A. I and II only

  B. I and III only

  C. II and III only

  D. I, II and III

  C. II and III only
• Hummingbirds eat flower nectar and small insects. To which nutritional group do they belong?

  A. Autotrophs

  B. Consumers

  C. Detritivores

  D. Saprotrophs

  B. Consumers
• What material is formed when organic matter is not fully decomposed in acidic waterlogged soils? A. Coal

  B. Hydrogen C. Oil

  D. Peat
• An organism has the following characteristics:

  single opening for ingestion and egestion

  radial symmetry

  tentacles with stinging cells.

  
  

  In what phylum would it most likely be classified?

  
  

  A) Annelida

  B) Cnidaria

  C) Platyhelminthes

  D) Porifera

  B) Cnidaria
• How does HIV affect the immune system adversely?

  
  

  A. Progressive reduction in number of active lymphocytes

  B. Continuous overproduction of antibodies

  C. Rapid production of clone of plasma cells

  D. Immediate development of AIDS

  A. Progressive reduction in number of active lymphocytes
• Which factors could cause emphysema?

  
  

  I. Air pollution

  II. Genetic predisposition

  III. Tobacco smoke

  
  

  A. I and II only

  B. I and III only

  C. II and III only

  D. I, II and III

  D. I, II and III
• What is the role of the hormone leptin?

  
  

  A. To regulate the metabolic rate

  B. To inhibit appetite

  C. To control circadian rhythms

  D. To increase blood sugar concentration

  B. To inhibit appetite
• What is a function of DNA polymerase I?

  
  

  A. Adds nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction to elongate the chain

  B. Uncoils the DNA double helix and splits it into two template strands

  C. Removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

  D. Produces sugar-phosphate bonds to link Okazaki fragments

  C. Removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA
• How do R group interactions contribute to protein structure?

  I. Determining the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure

  II. Stabilizing beta pleated sheets in the secondary structure

  III. Stabilizing further foldings of a polypeptide into a tertiary structure

  
  

  A. I only

  B. II and III only

  C. III only

  D. I, II and III

  C. III only
• Which process is most responsible for movement of water from roots to leaves of a plant on a hot sunny day?

  A. Active translocation of mineral ions in roots

  B. Active transport of organic compounds into sieve tubes C. Raised hydrostatic pressure gradients

  D. Evaporation of water from mesophyll cell walls
• A pollen tube grows down the style to an egg inside the ovary of a flower. What is the next process that occurs?

  
  

  A. Dispersal

  B. Fertilization

  C. Germination

  D. Pollination

  B. Fertilization
• Which event happens in meiosis II but not in meiosis I?

  
  

  A. Spindle microtubules attach to centromeres.

  B. Crossing over occurs.

  C. Sister chromatids move to opposite poles.

  D. Chromosomes become shorter and thicker by coiling.

  C. Sister chromatids move to opposite poles.
• A hunter tends to kill the bigger individuals of a population for their meat or for large ornamental trophies. Therefore, the population tends to have more individuals who are smaller. What is this an example of?

  
  

  A. Directional selection

  B. Disruptive selection

  C. Natural selection

  D. Stabilizing selection

  A. Directional selection
• What is a role of activated B cells?

  
  

  A. Secrete antibiotics in response to specific antigens

  
  

  B. Activate T cells in the immune response

  
  

  C. Release histamine in response to allergens

  
  

  D. Multiply to form clones of plasma cells

  D. Multiply to form clones of plasma cells
• What is a similarity between human and insect muscles?

  
  

  A. They are attached to an exoskeleton.

  B. They work as antagonistic pairs.

  C. The flexor muscles straighten the joint.

  D. They move bones.

  B. They work as antagonistic pairs.