inheritance

• What does DNA stand for?

  deoxyribonucleic acid
• What is DNA made of?

  nucleotides
• whats in DNA?

  coded material
• what does DNA determine?

  inherited characteristics
• where is DNA found?

  chromosomes in the nucleus
• What is the shape of DNA?

  double-helix made up of 2 strands
• what is a gene?

  segment of DNA that codes for a protein
• where is gene found?

  in the chromosome
• what do genes code for?

  A particular sequence of AMINO ACIDS put together to make SPECIFIC PROTEINS
• How many amino acids are there?

  20 amino acids
• what do genes tell the cells?

  What order to put the amino acids together
• what is a genome?

  an entire set of genetic material in an organism
• why is understanding the human genome important?

  it allows scientists to identify genes in a genome that are linked to different diseases and therefore understand how to treat them
• what do nucleitide?

  DNA
• what are DNA strands?

  Polymers made up of lots of repeating units called nucleotides
• what does each nucleotide consist of?

  a sugar ,phosphate group and one base
• what does the sugar and phosphate group form?

  a backbone to the DNA strands
• what are the 4 bases and pairs?

  C-G , T-A
• what do the order of bases in a gene decide?

  the order of amino acids in a protein
• what does mRNA carry?

  carries the code to the ribosomes
• where are proteins made?

  in the cell cytoplasm on tiny structures called ribosomes
• How are proteins made?

  Ribosomes use the code in the dna.the dna is found in the nucleus and is too big to move out.a molecule called mRNAacts as a messenger between dna and ribsomes. The correct amino acids are brought to the ribosomes in the correct order by carrier molecules.
• what are the 3 functions of protein?

  enzymes, hormones and structural proteins
• definition of sexual reproduction?

  genetic info from two organisms is combined to produce off spring which are gentically dfferent from parents
• how are gametes produced?

  meiosis
• How many chromosmes does each gamete have?

  23
• Definition of asexual reproduction?

  Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
• who does asexual reproduction?

  bacteria and other single-celled organisms
• how meiosis works in gametes?

  cell duplicates its genetic information to from two armed chromosomes. in the first division the chromosome pairs line up in centre of cell. pairs are then pulled apart so each new cell only has one copy of each chromosomes. in the second division the chromosomes line up again and are pulled apart. ending in 4 gametes`
• advantages of sexual reproduction?

  each offspring has genetic variation which increases chance of survivial as they can adapt
• Advantages of asexual reproduction

  only needs one parent so less energy and faster.