Basic Chemistry (Chap 2.1-2.2)

• What are the four most common elements in our living organisms?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
• What are chemical elements defined by?

  number of subatomic particles
• What are subatomic particles?

  Particles that are smaller than atoms and make up atoms, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• The nucleus of an atom is...

  protons (+ charge)
• Do neutrons have a charge?

  No.
• What do electrons orbit?

  nuclei in shells (- charge)
• What are the four types of macromolecules found in all living cells?

  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
• What are macromolecules?

  Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomers
• What are molecules & compounds?

  2 or more atoms bonded together
• What holds a molecule together?

  chemical bonds
• What do bonds hold?

  atoms
• What does a chemical formula describe?

  composition of a molecule
• What are chemical bonds?

  sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
• Do bonds hold energy?

  yes
• What are the three main types of bonds?

  ionic, hydrogen, covalent
• What is the name of the strongest chemical bond?

  covalent
• What do the three main types of bonds differ in?

  strength and electron sharing
• Are hydrogen bonds weak on their own?

  Yes
• Are hydrogen bonds weak when together?

  no, they are strong