Cognitive Psychology (Midterms)

• It is the school of thought which is interested in how many people mentally represent and process information.

  Cognitive Psychology
• Historically, psychology has always been (with a few exceptions) cognitively oriented except for the brief period between the ____ and the ____

  1930s and 1950s
• It is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information.

  Cognitive psychology
• He is the father of Cognitive Psychology

  Ulrich Neisser
• This 1967 book defined the paradigm for a generation.

  Cognitive Psychology
• This refers to all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stores, recovered, and used.

  Cognition
• COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY VS. OTHER PARADIGMS

  1. Cognitive Psychology assumes that people are __________ rather than other design assumptions

  Cognitive Psychology assumes that people are designed to process information rather than other design assumptions
• COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY VS. OTHER PARADIGMS

  2. Cognitive Psychology embraces the use of ________

  Cognitive Psychology embraces the use of scientific method
• COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY VS. OTHER PARADIGMS

  3. Cognitive Psychology explicitly acknowledges the existence of ____________ unlike behaviorist psychology.

  Cognitive Psychology explicitly acknowledges the existence of internal mental states unlike behaviorist psychology
• Cognitive psychology highlights the mind as a _________

  computer analogy
• It is the software which makes explicit the computational processes underlying intelligent performance.

  Big Blue
• Difference of humans and computers in terms of physical nature

  Humans are carbon-based while computers are silicon-based
• Difference of humans and computers in terms of reproductive process

  Humans can reproduce while computers are manufactured
• Difference of humans and computers in terms of experience

  Only humans actually feel pain, emotions, etc. although computers can simulate it
• Difference of humans and computers in terms of consciousness

  Only humans are aware of themselves as an agent in the world (free will)
• Similarities of humans and computers

  1. Input information
  2. Output information
  3. Access information
  4. Store information
  5. Retrieve information
  6. Analyze information
• TRUE OR FALSE: The Cognitive Approach denies that people are computers, only that people and computers both process information

  True
• Two Philosophical antecedents

  Rationalist and Empiricist
• Acquire knowledge through thinking and logical analysis

  Rationalist
• Acquire knowledge via empirical evidence

  Empiricist
• Rationalism (Plato) was proposed by?

  Rene Descartes
• It is the dualism between a material body and immaterial mind or soul

  Rationalism
• Integrating algebra and geometry: numerical relationship of algebraic equations are expressed visually through the use of a coordinate graphing system (cartesian coordinates)

  Analytic Geometry
• Empiricism (Aristotle) was proposed by?

  John Locke
• He is an English philosopher who theorized that the human mind was a tabula rasa at birth, and that all human knowledge comes through experience

  John Locke
• He proposed the two domains of reality

  Immanuel Kant
• What are the two domains of reality?

  Noumenal and phenomenal
• PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE:

  It can be described _________

  It can be described spatially
• PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE:

  It is not too _________ to observe/measure

  It is not too transient to observe/measure
• PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE:

  It can be ______________

  It can be manipulated experimentally
• PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE:

  It can be described ______________

  It can be described mathematically
• ____ provided the question, _________ 's mechanistic models, and _______'s math provided the solutions

  Kant provided the question, Helmholtz's mechanistic models, and Fechner's math provided the solutions
• Who are the two fathers of psychology?

  Wilhelm Wundt and William James
• Who proposed structuralism?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• Who proposed functionalism?

  William James
• He became famous for his studies of trial-and-error learning and formulation of the Law of Effect, and his studies with Woodworth on the transfer of training

  Edward Lee Thorndike
• It implies that when certain stimulus-response are followed by pleasure, they are strengthened, while responses followed by annoyance or pain tend to be stamped out.

  Law of Effect
• Structuralism (Wundt) + Functionalism (James) = ?

  Associationism (Thorndike and Ebbinghaus)
• How can events or ideas become associated in the mind?

  Associationism
• What is the relation between behavior and environment?

  Behaviorism