RECALLS

• The Fluid leaving the Glomerulus has a Specific Gravity of?

  1.010
• All of the following are reabsorbed by Active Transport in the Tubules except?

  UREA (Passive Transport)
• A person exhibiting OLIGURIA would have a daily urine volume of?

  200-400mL
• over 1500mL - POLYURIA
• The correct method for Labeling urine specimen containers is to?

  ATTACH THE LABEL TO THE CONTAINER
• A specimen containing precipitated AMORPHOUS URATES may have been preserved using?


  REFRIGERATION
• What THREE changes will affect the results of the Microscopic examination of Urine if it is NOT tested within 2 hours?

  INCREASED BACTERIA, DECREASED RBCs, DECREASED CASTS
• Ketone - volatile (decrease)
• A negative urine pregnancy test (INDIRECT TEST) performed on a random specimen may need to be repeated using a?

  FIRST MORNING SPECIMEN
• Pregnancy test - HcG
• The concentration of a normal urine specimen can be estimated by which of the follow?

  COLOR
• A YELLOW-BROWN specimen that produces a Yellow Foam when shaken can be suspected of Caontaining?

  BILIRUBIN
• WHITE FOAM and persist = PROTEIN
• Specimens from patients receiving treatment for Urinary tract infections frequently appear?

  VISCOUS AND ORANGE
• CLEAR AND RED - Lyse red cells / intravascular hemolysis
• Dilute and Pale yellow - normal/diabetes mellitus or insipidus

  • Diabetes mellitus/insipidus (Differentiation) = SPECIFIC GRAVITY
  • mas mabigat DM
• Which of the following specific gravities would be most likely to correlate with a DARK YELLOW URINE?

  1.030 (most concentrated)
• A urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.029, and the temperature of the urine is 14C. the specific gravity should be reported as?


  1.029 - refractometer has a built in temperature

  15C-38C

  temperature for refractometer is not necessary

  only correct glucose and protein (refractometer)
• The reading of Distilled Water by the refractometer is 1.003 you should?

  ADJUST THE SET SCREW
• How much urine is usually required for a "MANUALLY" performed ROUTINE Urinalysis?

  10-15mL

  
  

  * 12mL - needed for microscopic analysis; room for repeat testing & swirling
• The microscopic of a CLOUDY AMBER URINE is reported as RARE WBCs and Epithelial cells. What does this suggest?

  POSSIBLE MIX-UP OF SPECIMEN AND SEDIMENT
• Failure to mix a specimen prior to inserting the reagent strip will primarily affect the?

  BLOOD READING
• Testing a refrigerated specimen that has NOT warmed to room temp will adversely affect?

  ENZYMATIC REACTIONS
• Urine pH can be modified by all of the following except?

  INCREASED INGESTION OF WATER
• Diet - increased protein = acid
• Which of the following statements BEST describes the Chemical Principle of the Protein Reagent Strip Test? (ELSEVIER)

  THE PROTEIN ACCEPTS HYDROGEN IONS FROM THE INDICATOR DYE, WHICH RESULTS IN A COLOR CHANGE
• Which of the following AIDS in the differentiation of HEMOGLOBINURIA and HEMATURIA (hallmark of kidney stones)?

  MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
• Which of the following Blood cells will NOT be detected by the LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE Pad because it lacks Esterases?

  LYMPHOCYTES
• Microscopic Examination of a urine sediment revealed an average of 2 to 5 WBCs/hpf, whereas the Leukocyte Esterase test by reagent strip was Negative. Which of the following statements BEST accounts for this discrepancy?

  THE AMOUNT OF ESTERASE PRESENT IS BELOW THE SENSITIVITY OF THE REAGENT STRIP TEST
• Micral test = Microalbuminuria

  *Immunocomplex
• The chemical principle of the NITRITE reagent pad is based on the? <3


  DIAZOTIZATION OF NITRITE FOLLOWED BY AN AZO COUPLING REACTION
• Pseudo peroxidase activity of Nitrite - Blood
• Which of the following substances or actions can produce FALSE-POSITIVE nitrite results?

  IMPROPER SPECIMEN STORAGE

  (+) PIGMENT
• The PASS-THROUGH PHENOMENON observed with the CLINITEST method when Large amounts of Glucose are present in the urine is due to?

  REOXIDATION OF THE CUPROUS OXIDE FORMED TO CUPRIC OXIDE AND OTHER CUPRIC COMPLEXES
• CLINITEST - only tablet not used for confirmatory (not sensitive)
• Which of the following can cause FALSE-POSITIVE KETONE results?

  DRUGS CONTAINING FREE SULFHYDRYL GROUPS (MESNA)
• Yellow-Brown or Colorless Elongated prisms that resemble needles and is seen in acidic to neutral pH?

  URIC ACID
• SULFONIMIDES - Sheaves of wheat
• When the laboratorian performs the Microscopic examination of urine sediment, which of the following are enumerated using LPO?

  CASTS

  Tamm-Horsfall Protein= uromodulin
• What microscopic element in urine that is MOST DIFFICULT to identify/detect (especially for beginners)?

  RED BLOOD CELLS