Science

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object
• Volume is the amount of space that matter occupies
• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
• Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass
• Matter is made of tiny particles
• Liquid flows easily because its particles have enough space and have less attractive force
• Gas particles are far from each other, have weak attractive force, and can flow easily
• States of Matter:

  • Solid:
  • Has a definite shape
  • Particles are closely packed
  • Particles are held by weak attractive forces
  • Liquid:
  • Has a definite volume and takes the shape of the container
  • Particles have less attractive forces and easily flow
  • Gas:
  • Takes the volume and shape of the container
  • Particles are far from each other and have less attractive force
  • Easily flow in any direction faster than liquid particles and occupy the entire space available
• Matter is made of tiny particles

  • Three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
  • Solid particles have a definite shape and volume, vibrate, and are held together by weak attractive forces
  • Liquid particles have a definite volume, take the shape of the container, and have less attractive forces
  • Gas particles take the volume and shape of the container, are far from each other, and have less attractive forces
• Water exists in three states: ice as a solid state, water as a liquid state, and water vapor as a gas state
• Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases:

  • Solids have definite shape and volume
  • Liquids have definite volume and take the shape of their containers
  • Gases do not have definite shape or volume
• Particle Model of Matter:

  • Particles of matter in solids attract each other and vibrate in a fixed position
  • Particles of matter in liquids are closely packed and free to move slowly
  • Particles of matter in gases are far apart and randomly moving in any direction
• Properties of States of Matter:

  • Solids and liquids have particles held together by strong attractive forces
  • Gases have particles that easily flow and are far from each other
• Phase Change of Matter:

  • Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, or gas
  • When matter changes its states, it undergoes a Phase Change
• Lesson 1:

  • Matter is composed of tiny particles arranged based on its state
  • These particles are constantly moving with different movements in each state
• Transformation Processes:

  • Deposition: change of state from gas to solid
  • Freezing: transformation process in drying wet clothes
  • Melting: changes the state of matter from liquid to solid
  • Sublimation: change of state from solid to gas without passing the liquid state
• Arrangement of Particles with Temperature Increase:

  • Particles move farther apart from each other as temperature increases
• Conditions for Condensation Process:

  • Favorable conditions for condensation process involve an increase in both temperature and kinetic energy
• Phase Change Occurrences:

  • Condensation: water droplets forming outside a glass of cold water
  • Evaporation: phase change when dry ice changes from solid to gas
• Particle Movement:

  • Melting → freezing increases the movement of particles
• Phase Change Effects:

  • When a substance changes its state from liquid to solid, the particles of the substance move closer
• Phase changes in matter involve changing from one state to another without altering the chemical composition of the substance
• There are six phase changes that matter can undergo: melting, freezing/solidification, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and deposition
• Melting is the change of matter from a solid state to a liquid state
• Freezing/solidification is when a liquid state changes back to a solid state
• Evaporation changes matter from a liquid state to a gas state
• Condensation is the change from a gaseous state to a liquid state
• Sublimation is when a solid state directly changes to a gas without passing through the liquid state
• Deposition is the change from a gaseous state directly to a solid state
• Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles, causing them to move farther apart
• Decreasing temperature decreases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to particles moving closer together
• Phase changes involve changes in motion and arrangement of particles as temperature changes
• Phase changes can be identified by observing the behavior of substances in different states such as solid, liquid, and gas
• Phase changes can be identified by filling in the blanks:

  • Liquid to solid: freezing
  • Solid to liquid: melting
  • Liquid to gas: evaporation
  • Gas to solid: sublimation
  • Gas to liquid: condensation
• Evaporation changes a solid state of matter to a gaseous state
• Deposition changes a gaseous state of matter to a solid state
• Melting changes a solid state of matter to a liquid state
• Condensation changes a gaseous state of matter to a liquid state
• Evaporation occurs when clouds precipitate in the form of rain
• When the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles of matter will increase