Metals and non metals

• What are metals characterized by?

  Unique properties useful in many applications
• What are the properties of metals?

  • Malleability: Can be hammered into sheets
  • Electrical conductivity: Excellent conductors of electricity
  • Appearance: Shiny when polished
  • Melting and boiling points: Typically high
  • Density: Generally high
  • Delocalized electrons: Move freely in metal structure
• What does malleability refer to in metals?

  Ability to be hammered into thin sheets
• Why are metals malleable?

  Due to metallic bonding allowing layers to slide
• What is the electrical conductivity of metals?

  Excellent conductors of electricity
• Why do metals conduct electricity well?

  They have free electrons that move easily
• How do most metals appear when polished?

  Shiny
• What causes the shiny appearance of metals?

  Metals reflect light effectively
• What are the melting and boiling points of metals typically like?

  High melting and boiling points
• What does it mean for metals to have high melting and boiling points?

  They remain solid at room temperature
• What is the density of most metals?

  High density compared to other materials
• What does high density in metals imply?

  They feel heavy for their size
• What role do delocalized electrons play in metals?

  Crucial for many metallic properties
• What are delocalized electrons?

  Electrons that move freely through metal
• What is the face-centered cubic structure?

  A specific arrangement of atoms in a cube
• What are the properties of non-metals?

  • Electrical conductivity: Poor conductors of electricity
  • Boiling points: Often low compared to metals
  • Appearance: Usually not shiny; can be dull or colorful
• How do most non-metals conduct electricity?

  Poor conductors of electricity
• Why are non-metals poor conductors of electricity?

  They lack free electrons for current
• What are the boiling points of non-metals typically like?

  Low boiling points compared to metals
• What state do many non-metals exist in at room temperature?

  Gases
• How do non-metals typically appear?

  Not shiny; can be dull or colorful
• What are the key differences between metals and non-metals?

  • Electrical Conductivity: Metals are good, non-metals are poor
  • Malleability: Metals are malleable, non-metals are not
  • Appearance: Metals are shiny, non-metals are dull
  • Melting/Boiling Points: Metals are generally high, non-metals are low
  • Density: Metals are usually high, non-metals are low
• What are metalloids?

  • Elements exhibiting properties of both metals and non-metals
  • Located between metals and non-metals on the periodic table
  • Examples: Silicon, germanium, boron
• How does metallic character change across the Periodic Table?

  Diminishes from left to right
• What are the models used to represent atoms and molecules?

  • Dot and Cross Models: Show electron arrangement
  • Ball and Stick Models: Show atoms and bonds
  • Two-dimensional Representations: Flat drawings of molecules
  • Three-dimensional Representations: Physical or computer-generated models
• What is a limitation of Dot and Cross Models?

  They don't show three-dimensional structure
• What is a limitation of Ball and Stick Models?

  They don't represent the electron cloud accurately
• What is a limitation of Two-dimensional Representations?

  They can't show three-dimensional shape
• What is a limitation of Three-dimensional Representations?

  They may not represent scale accurately
• What is malleability?

  Ability to be hammered without breaking
• What is electrical conductivity?

  Ability to allow flow of electric current
• What is melting point?

  Temperature solid changes to liquid
• What is boiling point?

  Temperature liquid changes to gas
• What is density?

  Mass of substance per unit volume