Lymphatic and excretory system

• LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Components:

  • Lymph capillaries
  • Lymph vessels
  • Lymph nodes
  • Blood
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Lymph
  • Clear liquid: forms from the interstitial fluid
  • Circulates through the lymphatic system
• Lymph moves around the body thanks to the skeletal muscles surrounding the lymph vessels
• Lymphatic system collects waste substances from the blood and expels them from the body
• Waste substances come from cell activity and are toxic for the cell
• EXCRETORY SYSTEM Made up of:

  • Kidneys
  • Urinary tract
  • Ureters
  • Urethra
  • Urinary bladder
• Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the lumbar region on either side of the spine
• Kidneys are responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood and producing urine
• Kidneys are divided into pyramid-shaped sections
• Cortex:

  • Outer region
  • Reddish, grainy appearance
  • Functions: filter the blood and reabsorb substances that can be recovered from the urine (H2O, Ca, Na, glucose, etc)
• Medulla:

  • Renal pelvis
  • Renal medulla
  • Renal cortex
  • Renal pelvis
• Nephron:

  • Formed by a ball of blood capillaries surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule
  • Composed of Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Collecting duct, Renal tubule
• Urinary bladder is responsible for transporting urine outside of the body from the kidneys
• Urinary tract is made up of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
• uretes:

  Tubes that flow from the renal pelvis and carry urine continuously to the urinary bladder

  • Muscular organ that stores urine
  • Urethra is the tube through which urine is expelled
• REABSORPTION:

  • Along renal tubule: return to the blood
  • Reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, large part of mineral salts
• Urine formation:

  • FILTRATION in the glomerulus through the capillary walls, filtrate collected in the Bowman’s capsule
  • SECRETION in the last part of renal tubule, urine formed empties into the collecting duct
• The amount of plasma filtered by the kidneys per day is 170 to 180 liters, but we only produce about 1.5-1.8 liters of urine each day
• Other organs involved in the excretion process:

  • Lungs
  • Sweat glands
  • Liver
• Illnesses and healthy habits related to the lymphatic system and excretory system:

  • ADENOPATHIES
  • LYMPHANGITIS
  • KIDNEY STONES
  • CYSTITIS
  • RENAL FAILURE
• At least 5 healthy habits related to the excretory system:

  • Drinking an adequate amount of water
  • Eating a balanced diet rich in fiber
  • Regular exercise
  • Avoiding excessive salt intake
  • Maintaining good hygiene practices
• Haemodialysis:

  • A process where a machine filters waste, salts, and fluid from the blood when the kidneys can no longer do so effectively
  • Needed when there is kidney failure or severe kidney damage