Biology

• Enzymes have a specific three-dimensional structure that allows them to bind to specific substrates.
• Amylases catalyze the breakdown of starch.
• Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy through aerobic respiration.
• The nucleus is the control centre of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that controls all activities within the cell.
• Ribosomes synthesize proteins using information from DNA.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy to produce glucose during photosynthesis.
• Vacuoles store water, waste products, pigments, and enzymes involved in digestion.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.
• photosynthesis equation


  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to region of low water concentration
• Limiting factors

  intensity of light, temperature, concentration of carbon dioxide, chorophyll
• Uses

  Respiration, cellulose (strong cell wall),amino acids (turns into protein), lipids (fats), stored as statch
• Eukaryotic cells 


  Found in plants/ animals/fungi. 10-100 micrometer. Multiceller. has a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
• Prokaryotic 


  Simple cell, no nucleus, contains plasmids (DNA strands), no mitondria or chloroplast, 0.1-5mm in size
• Cell membrane 


  Selectively permable, separtes inside and outside
• Cytoplasm 


  chemical reactions take place
• Permanent vacuole 


  Stores water, up to 90% volume here,
• Cell Wall 


  Made of cellulose, increase structal strength
• Flagella


  Movement
• Plasmids 


  Small rings of DNA
• Acrosome


  Tip of head contains enzyme to penarate the egg
• Head 


  Contains sperms nucleus
• Factors that effect the rate of diffusion


  Concenteation gradient, temperatur, ratio, concentratio, distance
• Metabolism


  Chemical reactions in body cells that change food into energy
• Malignant tumour 


  Cancerours travel using blood stream
• Benign


  Not cancerous don’t move don’t invade other tissues