Heredity and genetics for 9th grade

• Crossing over of chromosomes is when genetic information is exchange between two homologous chromasomes.
• Phenotype refers to the physical or physiological traits of an organism.
• Genotype refers to the genes of an organism or its genetic makeup
• Karyotype is the number and apperance of chromasomes in the neucleus of an organism
• The Principle of Segregation is process of how genes are seperated
• The father of genetics is Gregor Mendel
• Garden Peas Experiment laid the foundation for the science of genetics
• The characteristic that made plant peas a perfect test subject is their short generation time and distict traits
• According to Mendel's law of Segregation, During the formation of gamete, each gene separates from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
• The dominant seed shape is the round seed shape
• Heterozygous pertains to 2 different alleles
• If both parents are heterozygous, there is a 25% chance that the child will inherit an recessive trait
• Heterozygous genotype represents = Aa
• Homozygous: having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes
• Punnett Square is a tool used to predict the outcome of a monohybrid cross
• T represents the tallness in a pea plant or the dominant allele
• Tt represents the results genotype in tall pea plants
• yy genotype of a plant with green seeds
• Homozygous dominant an homozygous recessive result in all heterozygous